BMJ Best Practice
最后审核时间: 七月 2019
最近更新时间: 六月 2019

小结

定义

病史和查体

其他诊断因素

  • 呼吸困难
  • 运动耐量下降
  • 舒张期杂音
  • 呼吸困难

危险因素

  • 肺动脉高压
  • 法洛四联症、肺动脉瓣狭窄及闭锁的外科矫治
  • 心内膜炎
  • 左心系统疾病

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 心电图 (ECG)
  • 经胸多普勒超声心动图
  • 胸部 X 线检查 (CXR)
全部具体信息

需要考虑的检查

  • 经食管多普勒超声心动图
  • 胸部 MRI
  • 胸部 CT 扫描
  • 心脏磁共振成像
全部具体信息

治疗流程

贡献者

Sachin S. Goel MD

Interventional Cardiology

Prairie Heart Institute at St John's Hospital

Springfield

IL

利益冲突披露
SSG declares that he has no competing interests.

Interventional Cardiology Fellow

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine

Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland

OH

利益冲突披露
CPH declares that he has no competing interests.
Samir Kapadia MD

Director of Cardiac Cath Lab

Professor of Medicine

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine

Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland

OH

利益冲突披露
SK declares that he has no competing interests.

Dr Sachin S. Goel, Dr Chetan P. Huded, and Dr Samir Kapadia would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Mehdi H. Shishehbor, the previous contributor to this topic. MHS declares that he has no competing interests.

同行评议专家 查看所有

Consultant in Paediatric Cardiology and Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

John Radcliffe Hospital

Oxford

UK

利益冲突披露
SA declares that he has no competing interests.

Cardiology Fellow

Adult Cardiovascular Fellowship

Department of Cardiology

Chicago Medical School (CMS) and affiliated hospitals

Chicago

IL

利益冲突披露
SS declares that he has no competing interests.

Gill Foundation Professor of Interventional Cardiology

Director of Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories

Gill Heart Institute

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine

University of Kentucky

Lexington

KY

利益冲突披露
DM declares that he has no competing interests.

Associate Professor

University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

Department of Cardiology

Houston

TX

利益冲突披露
SWY declares that he has no competing interests.

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