1. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2017. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(suppl 1):S1-S135.
2. National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI clinical practice guidelines for diabetes and CKD: 2012 update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;60:850-886.
3. Brickman WJ, Huang J, Silverman BL, et al. Acanthosis nigricans identifies youth at high risk for metabolic abnormalities. J Pediat. 2010;156:87-92.
4. Meigs JB, Muller DC, Nathan DM, et al. The natural history of progression from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Diabetes. 2003;52:1475-1484.
5. Metzger BE, Buchanan TA, Coustan DR, et al. Summary and recommendations of the Fifth International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(suppl 2):S251-S260.
6. Solomon CG, Willett WC, Carey VJ, et al. A prospective study of pregravid determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 1997;278:1078-1083.
7. Willi C, Bodenmann P, Ghali WA, et al. Active smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2007;298:2654-2664.
8. Lo JC, Feigenbaum SL, Escobar GJ, et al. Increased prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among women with diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome: a population-based study. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1915-1917.
9. Kjerulff LE, Sanchez-Ramos L, Duffy D. Pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204:558.
10. Norman RJ, Dewailly D, Legro RS, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet. 2007;370:685-697.
11. Cossrow N, Falkner B. Race/ethnic issues in obesity and obesity-related comorbidities. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:2590-2594.
12. Montonen J, Knekt P, Järvinen R, et al. Whole-grain and fiber intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:622-629.
13. Zhang C, Liu S, Solomon CG, et al. Dietary fiber intake, dietary glycemic load, and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:2223-2230.
14. Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Murphy MB, et al. Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:2739-2748.
15. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration; Wormser D, Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, et al. Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies. Lancet. 2011;377:1085-1095.
使用此内容应接受我们的免责声明。
BMJ临床实践的持续改进离不开您的帮助和反馈。如果您发现任何功能问题和内容错误,或您对BMJ临床实践有任何疑问或建议,请您扫描右侧二维码并根据页面指导填写您的反馈和联系信息*。一旦您的建议在我们核实后被采纳,您将会收到一份小礼品。
如果您有紧急问题需要我们帮助,请您联系我们。
邮箱:bmjchina.support@bmj.com
电话:+86 10 64100686-612
*您的联系信息仅会用于我们与您确认反馈信息和礼品事宜。
BMJ临床实践官方反馈平台