汉坦病毒心肺综合征 (HCPS) 患者的住院病死率高达 50%，其中大部分患者在入院后 48 小时内死亡。[5]Peters CJ, Khan AS. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: the new American hemorrhagic fever. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 May 1;34(9):1224-31.https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/34/9/1224/463857http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11941549?tool=bestpractice.com 截止到 2017 年 1 月，基于美国的病例报告数量，报告的致死率为 36%。[8]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Reported cases of hantavirus disease: hantavirus infection in the United States. Jul 2017 [internet publication].https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/surveillance/index.html
约40%的入院患者不需要插管，可进行吸氧和谨慎输液治疗。[5]Peters CJ, Khan AS. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: the new American hemorrhagic fever. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 May 1;34(9):1224-31.https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/34/9/1224/463857http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11941549?tool=bestpractice.com
在存活者中，心肺期一般持续2~4d，随后多尿期持续12~24h，从而缓解肺水肿。[39]Mertz GJ, Hjelle B, Crowley M, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of new world hantavirus infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006 Oct;19(5):437-42.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16940866?tool=bestpractice.com 气管插管的幸存者通常可以在1周后拔管。[5]Peters CJ, Khan AS. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: the new American hemorrhagic fever. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 May 1;34(9):1224-31.https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/34/9/1224/463857http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11941549?tool=bestpractice.com
幸存者通常2周后可以出院。[5]Peters CJ, Khan AS. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: the new American hemorrhagic fever. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 May 1;34(9):1224-31.https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/34/9/1224/463857http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11941549?tool=bestpractice.com
心源性休克缓解后随后的心功能不全（对3例存活的HCPS患者进行经胸超声心动图，示心脏射血分数正常）。[48]Hallin GW, Simpson SQ, Crowell RE, et al. Cardiopulmonary manifestations of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Crit Care Med. 1996 Feb;24(2):252-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8605797?tool=bestpractice.com
