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Herman-Giddens ME, Slora EJ, Wasserman RC, et al. Secondary sexual characteristics and menses in young girls seen in office practice: a study from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network. Pediatrics. 1997 Apr;99(4):505-12.

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Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Current evaluation of amenorrhea. Fertil Steril. 2008 Nov;90(suppl 5):S219-25.

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Verp MS, Simpson JL. Abnormal sexual differentiation and neoplasia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1987 Apr;25(2):191-218.

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Goodman LR, Warren MP. The female athlete and menstrual function. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Oct;17(5):466-70.

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Wellons MF, Weeber KM, Rebar RW. Amenorrhea. In: Falcone T, Hurd WW, eds. Clinical reproductive medicine and surgery: a practical guide. 3rd ed. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing; 2017:109-22.

1.  Herman-Giddens ME, Slora EJ, Wasserman RC, et al. Secondary sexual characteristics and menses in young girls seen in office practice: a study from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network. Pediatrics. 1997 Apr;99(4):505-12.

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2.  Kiningham RB, Apgar BS, Schwenk TL. Evaluation of amenorrhea. Am Fam Physician. 1996 Mar;53(4):1185-94.

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3.  Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Current evaluation of amenorrhea. Fertil Steril. 2008 Nov;90(suppl 5):S219-25.

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4.  Timmreck LS, Reindollar RH. Contemporary issues in primary amenorrhea. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2003 Jun;30(2):287-302.

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5.  Pettersson F, Fries H, Nillius SJ. Epidemiology of secondary amenorrhea: incidence and prevalence rates. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1973 Sep 1;117(1):80-6.

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6.  Reindollar RH, Novak M, Tho SP, et al. Adult-onset amenorrhea: a study of 262 patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986 Sep;155(3):531-43.

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7.  Fourman LT, Fazeli PK. Neuroendocrine causes of amenorrhea - an update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Mar;100(3):812-24.

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8.  Insler V. Gonadotropin therapy: new trends and insights. Int J Fertil. 1988 Mar-Apr;33(2):85-6;89-97.

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9.  Polycystic ovary syndrome and secondary amenorrhoea. In: Edmonds K, ed. Dewhurst's textbook of obstetrics and gynaecology. 9th edition. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2018:513-33.

10.  Brenner SH, Lessing JB, Quagliarello J, et al. Hyperprolactinemia and associated pituitary prolactinomas. Obstet Gynecol. 1985;65:661-664.

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11.  Verp MS, Simpson JL. Abnormal sexual differentiation and neoplasia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1987 Apr;25(2):191-218.

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12.  Sanfilippo JS, Wakim NG, Schikler KN, et al. Endometriosis in association with uterine anomaly. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986 Jan;154(1):39-43.

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13.  Goodman LR, Warren MP. The female athlete and menstrual function. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Oct;17(5):466-70.

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14.  Caronia LM, Martin C, Welt CK, et al. A genetic basis for functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. N Engl J Med. 2011 Jan 20;364(3):215-25.

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15.  Soni S, Badawy SZ. Celiac disease and its effect on human reproduction: a review. J Reprod Med. 2010 Jan-Feb;55(1-2):3-8.

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16.  Daniell HW. Opioid endocrinopathy in women consuming prescribed sustained-action opioids for control of nonmalignant pain. J Pain. 2008 Jan;9(1):28-36.

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17.  Krassas GE, Pontikides N, Kaltsas T, et al. Disturbances of menstruation in hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1999 May;50(5):655-9.

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18.  Groff TR, Shulkin BL, Utiger RD, et al. Amenorrhea-galactorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and suprasellar pituitary enlargement as presenting features of primary hypothyroidism. Obstet Gynecol. 1984 Mar;63(suppl 3):S86-9.

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19.  Legro RS, Arslanian SA, Ehrmann DA, et al; Endocrine Society. Diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Dec;98(12):4565-92.

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20.  Lopez LM, Grimes DA, Schulz KF, et al. Steroidal contraceptives: effect on bone fractures in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(6):CD006033.

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21.  Kelesidis T, Kelesidis I, Chou S, et al. Narrative review: the role of leptin in human physiology: emerging clinical applications. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jan 19;152(2):93-100.

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22.  Chou SH, Chamberland JP, Liu X, et al. Leptin is an effective treatment for hypothalamic amenorrhea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Apr 19;108(16):6585-90.

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23.  Ehrmann DA, Barnes RB, Rosenfield RL, et al. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Care. 1999 Jan;22(1):141-6.

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24.  Hoek A, Schoemaker J, Drexhage HA. Premature ovarian failure and ovarian autoimmunity. Endocr Rev. 1997 Feb;18(1):107-34.

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25.  Wellons MF, Weeber KM, Rebar RW. Amenorrhea. In: Falcone T, Hurd WW, eds. Clinical reproductive medicine and surgery: a practical guide. 3rd ed. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing; 2017:109-22.