高催乳素血症的评估

Mah PM, Webster J. Hyperprolactinemia: etiology, diagnosis, and management. Semin Reprod Med. 2002 Nov;20(4):365-74.

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Gibney J, Smith TP, McKenna TJ. Clinical relevance of macroprolactin. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005 Jun;62(6):633-43.

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Melmed S, Casanueva FF, Hoffman AR, et al; Endocrine Society. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Feb;96(2):273-88.

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3.  Mah PM, Webster J. Hyperprolactinemia: etiology, diagnosis, and management. Semin Reprod Med. 2002 Nov;20(4):365-74.

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5.  Gibney J, Smith TP, McKenna TJ. Clinical relevance of macroprolactin. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005 Jun;62(6):633-43.

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12.  Schlechte JA. Long-term management of prolactinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Aug;92(8):2861-5.

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19.  Kyritsi EM, Dimitriadis GK, Angelousi A, et al. The value of prolactin in predicting prolactinοma in hyperprolactinaemic polycystic ovarian syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest. 2018 Jul;48(7):e12961.

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21.  Kallenberg GA, Pesce CM, Norman B, et al. Ectopic hyperprolactinemia resulting from an ovarian teratoma. JAMA. 1990 May 9;263(18):2472-4.

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22.  Korytnaya E, Liu J, Camelo-Piragua S, et al. Ectopic prolactin secretion from a perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Nov;99(11):3960-4.

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23.  Haddad PM, Wieck A. Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia: mechanisms, clinical features and management. Drugs. 2004;64(20):2291-314.

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24.  Peuskens J, Pani L, Detraux J, et al. The effects of novel and newly approved antipsychotics on serum prolactin levels: a comprehensive review. CNS Drugs. 2014 May;28(5):421-53.

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25.  Molitch ME. Medication-induced hyperprolactinemia. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005 Aug;80(8):1050-7.

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26.  Teoh SK, Lex BW, Mendelson JH, et al. Hyperprolactinemia and macrocytosis in women with alcohol and polysubstance dependence. J Stud Alcohol. 1992 Mar;53(2):176-82.

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27.  Coker F, Taylor D. Antidepressant-induced hyperprolactinaemia: incidence, mechanisms and management. CNS Drugs. 2010 Jul;24(7):563-74.

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31.  Leanos A, Pascoe D, Fraga A, et al. Anti-prolactin autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with associated hyperprolactinemia. Lupus. 1998;7(6):398-403.

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34.  Hattori N, Ishihara T, Ikekubo K, et al. Autoantibody to human prolactin in patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 Nov;75(5):1226-9.

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39.  Maccagnan P, Macedo CL, Kayath MJ, et al. Conservative management of pituitary apoplexy: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Jul;80(7):2190-7.

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42.  Hammer F, Arlt W. Hypopituitarism [in German]. Internist (Berl). 2004 Jul;45(7):795-811.

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43.  Klibanski A, Neer RM, Beitins IZ, et al. Decreased bone density in hyperprolactinemic women. N Engl J Med. 1980 Dec 25;303(26):1511-4.

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44.  Biller BM. Hyperprolactinemia. Int J Fertil Womens Med. 1999 Mar-Apr;44(2):74-7.

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45.  Fideleff HL, Boquete HR, Sequera A, et al. Peripubertal prolactinomas: clinical presentation and long-term outcome with different therapeutic approaches. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Mar;13(3):261-7.

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46.  Serri O, Li L, Mamputu JC, et al. The influences of hyperprolactinemia and obesity on cardiovascular risk markers: effects of cabergoline therapy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006 Apr;64(4):366-70.

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47.  Arslan MS, Topaloglu O, Sahin M, et al. Preclinical atherosclerosis in patients with prolactinoma. Endocr Pract. 2014 May;20(5):447-51.

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48.  Wagner R, Heni M, Linder K, et al. Age-dependent association of serum prolactin with glycaemia and insulin sensitivity in humans. Acta Diabetol. 2014 Feb;51(1):71-8.

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49.  Whyte MB, Pramodh S, Srikugan L, et al. Importance of cannulated prolactin test in the definition of hyperprolactinaemia. Pituitary. 2015 Jun;18(3):319-25.

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50.  Beda-Maluga K, Pisarek H, Komorowski J, et al. Evaluation of hyperprolactinaemia with the use of the intervals for prolactin after macroforms separation. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 Jun;65(3):359-64.

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51.  Hall WA, Luciano MG, Doppman JL, et al. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in normal human volunteers: occult adenomas in the general population. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 15;120(10):817-20.

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52.  Rand T, Kink E, Sator M, et al. MRI of microadenomas in patients with hyperprolactinaemia. Neuroradiology. 1996 Nov;38(8):744-6.

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53.  Biller BM, Luciano A, Crosignani PG, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia. J Reprod Med. 1999 Dec;44(12 Suppl):1075-84.

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54.  Karavitaki N, Thanabalasingham G, Shore HC, et al. Do the limits of serum prolactin in disconnection hyperprolactinaemia need re-definition? A study of 226 patients with histologically verified non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006 Oct;65(4):524-9.

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55.  Kawaguchi T, Ogawa Y, Tominaga T. Diagnostic pitfalls of hyperprolactinemia: the importance of sequential pituitary imaging. BMC Res Notes. 2014 Aug 20;7:555.

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56.  Giustina A, Barkan A, Casanueva FF, et al. Criteria for cure of acromegaly: a consensus statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Feb;85(2):526-9.

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57.  Olukoga AO, Kane JW. Macroprolactinaemia: validation and application of the polyethylene glycol precipitation test and clinical characterization of the condition. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1999 Jul;51(1):119-26.

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