参见 鉴别诊断 以获取更多具体信息
在评估瘙痒患者时,重要一点是要记住这一症状可能(虽然很少)是一些严重疾病的首发症状,包括HIV感染/艾滋病、恶性实体肿瘤、[27]Andreev VC, Petkov I. Skin manifestations associated with tumours of the brain. Br J Dermatol. 1975;92:675-678.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1182081?tool=bestpractice.com[28]Summers CG, MacDonald JT. Paroxysmal facial itch: a presenting sign of childhood brainstem glioma. J Child Neurol. 1988;3:189-192.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3145300?tool=bestpractice.com血液系统恶性肿瘤及脑损伤。潜在病因诊断的延误将使患者疾病严重恶化。可伴随瘙痒症状的最急且需要快速诊断及治疗的疾病为卒中。
脑损伤(卒中)
卒中很少合并瘙痒症状,但值得注意的是,有时瘙痒是脑损伤的唯一症状。[29]Kimyai-Asadi A, Nousari HC, Kimyai-Asadi T, et al. Poststroke pruritus. Stroke. 1999;30:692-693.http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/30/3/692.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066875?tool=bestpractice.com[30]Massey EW. Unilateral neurogenic pruritus following stroke. Stroke. 1984;15:901-903.http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/15/5/901.full.pdf+htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474543?tool=bestpractice.com[31]Shapiro PE, Braun CW. Unilateral pruritus after a stroke. Arch Dermatol. 1987;123:1527-1530.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3674911?tool=bestpractice.com[32]King CA, Huff FJ, Jorizzo JL. Unilateral neurogenic pruritus: paroxysmal itching associated with central nervous system lesions. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:222-223.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7103281?tool=bestpractice.com常见于内囊梗塞或大脑中动脉血管分布区域病变。潜在的机制可能是负责传送瘙痒刺激的神经通路的损害。脑损伤导致的瘙痒常为单侧、较为严重,可为泛发性或局灶性。如怀疑脑损伤导致的瘙痒,患者需接受神经学会诊和/或中枢神经系统影像学检查。