复发性流产评估

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The investigation and treatment of couples with recurrent first-trimester and second-trimester miscarriage. April 2011. http://www.rcog.org.uk (last accessed 6 April 2017).

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Chan YY, Jayaprakasan K, Zamora J, et al. The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies in unselected and high-risk populations: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2011;17:761-771.

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Drakeley AJ, Roberts D, Alfirevic Z. Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing pregnancy loss in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(1):CD003253.

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Rai R, Regan L. Recurrent miscarriage. Lancet. 2006;368:601-611.

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Arredondo F, Noble LS. Endocrinology of recurrent pregnancy loss. Semin Reprod Med. 2006;24:33-39.

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Coomarasamy A, Williams H, Truchanowicz E, et al. A randomized trial of progesterone in women with recurrent miscarriages. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:2141-2148.

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Gardella JR, Hill JA 3rd. Environmental toxins associated with recurrent pregnancy loss. Semin Reprod Med. 2000;18:407-424.

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Bradley LA, Palomaki GE, Bienstock J, et al. Can Factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A testing in women with recurrent pregnancy loss result in improved pregnancy outcomes?: Results from a targeted evidence-based review. Genet Med. 2012;14:39-50.

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Saravelos SH, Cocksedge KA, Li TC. Prevalence and diagnosis of congenital uterine anomalies in women with reproductive failure: a critical appraisal. Hum Reprod Update. 2008;14:415-429.

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1.  Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2013;99:63.

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4.  Quenby SM, Farquharson RG. Predicting recurring miscarriage: what is important? Obstet Gynecol. 1993;82:132-138.

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6.  Kleinhaus K, Perrin M, Friedlander Y, et al. Paternal age and spontaneous abortion. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;108:369-377.

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8.  Ogasawara M, Aoki K, Okada S, et al. Embryonic karyotype of abortuses in relation to the number of previous miscarriages. Fertil Steril. 2000;73:300-304.

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9.  Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The investigation and treatment of couples with recurrent first-trimester and second-trimester miscarriage. April 2011. http://www.rcog.org.uk (last accessed 6 April 2017).

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10.  Clifford K, Rai R, Watson H, et al. An informative protocol for the investigation of recurrent miscarriage: preliminary experience of 500 consecutive cases. Hum Reprod. 1994;9:1328-1332.

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13.  Hogge WA, Byrnes AL, Lanasa MC, et al. The clinical use of karyotyping spontaneous abortions. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189:397-400.

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16.  Chan YY, Jayaprakasan K, Zamora J, et al. The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies in unselected and high-risk populations: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2011;17:761-771.

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17.  Grimbizis GF, Camus M, Tarlatzis BC, et al. Clinical implications of uterine malformations and hysteroscopic treatment results. Hum Reprod Update. 2001;7:161-174.

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19.  National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hysteroscopic metroplasty of a uterine septum for recurrent miscarriage. January 2015. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ipg510 (last accessed 6 April 2017).

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20.  Drakeley AJ, Roberts D, Alfirevic Z. Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing pregnancy loss in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(1):CD003253.

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21.  Rai RS, Regan L, Clifford K, et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies and beta 2-glycoprotein-I in 500 women with recurrent miscarriage: results of a comprehensive screening approach. Hum Reprod. 1995;10:2001-2005.

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25.  Rai R, Regan L. Recurrent miscarriage. Lancet. 2006;368:601-611.

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26.  Wong LF, Porter TF, Scott JR. Immunotherapy for recurrent miscarriage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(10):CD000112.

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27.  Dosiou C, Giudice LC. Natural killer cells in pregnancy and recurrent pregnancy loss: endocrine and immunologic perspectives. Endocr Rev. 2005;26:44-62.

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30.  Cocksedge KA, Li TC, Saravelos SH, et al. A reappraisal of the role of polycystic ovary syndrome in recurrent miscarriage. Reprod Biomed Online. 2008;17:151-160.

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31.  The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod. 2004;19:41-47.

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32.  Craig LB, Ke RW, Kutteh WH. Increased prevalence of insulin resistance in women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril. 2002;78:487-490.

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33.  Rai R, Backos M, Rushworth F, et al. Polycystic ovaries and recurrent miscarriage: a reappraisal. Hum Reprod. 2000;15:612-615.

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34.  Legro RS, Barnhart HX, Schlaff WD, et al. Clomiphene, metformin, or both for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 8;356(6):551-66.

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35.  Legro RS, Brzyski RG, Diamond MP, et al. Letrozole versus clomiphene for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul 10;371(2):119-29.

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36.  Arredondo F, Noble LS. Endocrinology of recurrent pregnancy loss. Semin Reprod Med. 2006;24:33-39.

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37.  Haas DM, Ramsey PS. Progestogen for preventing miscarriage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(10):CD003511.

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38.  Coomarasamy A, Williams H, Truchanowicz E, et al. A randomized trial of progesterone in women with recurrent miscarriages. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:2141-2148.

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53.  Kim C, Barnard S, Neilson JP, et al. Medical treatments for incomplete miscarriage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 31;1:CD007223.

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54.  European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) Special Interest Group for Early Pregnancy. Recurrent pregnancy loss. November 2017 [internet publication].

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55.  Queensland Maternal and Neonatal Clinical Guidelines Programme. Early pregnancy loss. May 2018 [internet publication].

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56.  Bradley LA, Palomaki GE, Bienstock J, et al. Can Factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A testing in women with recurrent pregnancy loss result in improved pregnancy outcomes?: Results from a targeted evidence-based review. Genet Med. 2012;14:39-50.

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57.  Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Evaluation and treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2012;98:1103-1111.

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58.  Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The role of natural killer cells in human fertility. Scientific impact paper no. 53. December 2016. http://www.rcog.org.uk/ (last accessed 6 April 2017).

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59.  Foyouzi N, Cedars MI, Huddleston HG. Cost-effectiveness of cytogenetic evaluation of products of conception in the patient with a second pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril. 2012;98:151-155.

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60.  Bernardi LA, Plunkett BA, Stephenson MD. Is chromosome testing of the second miscarriage cost saving? A decision analysis of selective versus universal recurrent pregnancy loss evaluation. Fertil Steril. 2012;98:156-161.

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