Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 May 15;71(19):e127-248.
Williams B, Poulter NR, Brown MJ, et al. Guidelines for management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society, 2004-BHS IV. J Hum Hypertens. 2004 Mar;18(3):139-85.
Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2013 Jul;34(28):2159-219.
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014 Feb 5;311(5):507-20.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management. Nov 2016 [internet publication].
1. Lip GY. Hypertension, platelets, and the endothelium: the "thrombotic paradox" of hypertension (or "Birmingham paradox") revisited. Hypertension. 2003 Feb;41(2):199-200.
2. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 May 15;71(19):e127-248.
3. Williams B, Poulter NR, Brown MJ, et al. Guidelines for management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society, 2004-BHS IV. J Hum Hypertens. 2004 Mar;18(3):139-85.
4. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2013 Jul;34(28):2159-219.
5. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003 May 21;289(19):2560-72.
6. James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014 Feb 5;311(5):507-20.
7. SPRINT Research Group; Wright JT Jr, Williamson JD, Whelton PK, et al. A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl J Med. 2015 Nov 26;373(22):2103-16.
8. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management. Nov 2016 [internet publication].
9. Ong KL, Cheung BM, Man YB, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999-2004. Hypertension. 2007 Jan;49(1):69-75.
10. Wolf-Maier K, Cooper RS, Banegas JR, et al. Hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States. JAMA. 2003 May 14;289(18):2363-9.
11. Ogden LG, He J, Lydick E, et al. Long-term absolute benefit of lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients according to the JNC VI risk stratification. Hypertension. 2000 Feb;35(2):539-43.
12. Nadar SK, Tayebjee MH, Meserelli F, et al. Target organ damage in hypertension: pathophysiology and implications for drug therapy. Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(13):1581-92.
13. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, et al. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002 Dec 14;360(9349):1903-13.
14. Blair SN, Goodyear NN, Gibbons LW, et al. Physical fitness and incidence of hypertension in healthy normotensive men and women. JAMA. 1984 Jul 27;252(4):487-90.
15. Brunström M, Carlberg B. Association of blood pressure lowering with mortality and cardiovascular disease across blood pressure levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Jan 1;178(1):28-36.
16. Wei LK, Au A, Teh LK, et al. Recent advances in the genetics of hypertension. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;956:561-81.
17. Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Eng J Med. 1997 Apr 17;336(16):1117-24.
18. Chobanian AV, Hill M. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop on sodium and blood pressure. A critical review of current scientific evidence. Hypertension. 2000 Apr;35(4):858-63.
19. Rust P, Ekmekcioglu C. Impact of salt intake on the pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;956:61-84.
20. Bravo EL, Gifford RW Jr. Current concepts. Pheochromocytoma: diagnosis, localization and management. N Engl J Med. 1984 Nov 15;311(20):1298-303.
21. Carey RM. Diagnosing and managing primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients: a case-based approach. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2016 Oct;18(10):97.
22. Meng F, Ma J, Wang W, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a risk factor of hypertension. Minerva Med. 2016 Oct;107(5):294-9.
23. Tomson J, Lip GY. Alcohol and hypertension; an old relationship revisited. Alcohol Alcohol. 2006 Jan-Feb;41(1):3-4.
24. Elliot WJ. Clinical features and management of selected hypertensive emergencies. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2004 Oct;6(10):587-92.
25. Lip GY, Beevers M, Beevers G. The failure of malignant hypertension to decline: a survey of 24 years' experience in a multiracial population in England. J Hypertens. 1994 Nov;12(11):1297-305.
26. van den Born BJ, Koopmans RP, Groeneveld JO, et al. Ethnic disparities in the incidence, presentation and complications of malignant hypertension. J Hypertens. 2006 Nov;24(11):2299-304.
27. Gelfer M, Dawes M, Kaczorowski J, et al. Diagnosing hypertension: evidence supporting the 2015 recommendations of the Canadian Hypertension Education Program. Can Fam Physician. 2015 Nov;61(11):957-61.
28. Cloutier L, Daskalopoulou SS, Padwal RS, et al. A new algorithm for the diagnosis of hypertension in Canada. Can J Cardiol. 2015 May;31(5):620-30.
29. Stergiou GS, Bliziotis IA. Home blood pressure monitoring in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension: a systematic review. Am J Hypertens. 2011 Feb;24(2):123-34.
30. Parati G, Stergiou GS, Asmar R, et al; ESH Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring. European Society of Hypertension practice guidelines for home blood pressure monitoring. J Hum Hypertens. 2010 Dec;24(12):779-85.
31. Agarwal R, Bills JE, Hecht TJ, et al. Role of home blood pressure monitoring in overcoming therapeutic inertia and improving hypertension control: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension. 2011 Jan;57(1):29-38.
32. Hodgkinson J, Mant J, Martin U, et al. Relative effectiveness of clinic and home blood pressure monitoring compared with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in diagnosis of hypertension: systematic review. BMJ. 2011 Jun 24;342:d3621.
33. US Preventive Services Task Force. High blood pressure in adults: screening. October 2015 [internet publication].
34. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alcohol use disorder: a comparison between DSM-IV and DSM-5. July 2015 [internet publication].
35. Cuspidi C, Vaccarella A, Negri F, et al. Resistant hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: an overview. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2010 Nov-Dec;4(6):319-24.
36. Nadar S, Lip GY, Beevers DG. Primary hyperaldosteronism. Ann Clin Biochem. 2003 Sep;40(pt 5):439-52.
37. Rossi GP, Sacchetto A, Chiesura-Corona M, et al. Identification of the etiology of primary aldosteronism with adrenal vein sampling in patients with equivocal computed tomography and magnetic resonance findings: results in 104 consecutive cases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Mar;86(3):1083-90.
38. Textor SC. Renovascular hypertension in 2007: where are we now? Curr Cardiol Rep. 2007 Nov;9(6):453-61.
39. Working Group on Renovascular Hypertension. Detection, evaluation, and treatment of renovascular hypertension. Final report. Arch Intern Med. 1987 May;147(5):820-9.
40. Brueck M, Janka R, Daniel WG. Coarctation of the aorta. Circulation. 2001 Feb 13;103(6):E27.
41. Sarafidis PA, Bakris GL. Resistant hypertension: an overview of evaluation and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Nov 25;52(22):1749-57.
42. Radbill B, Murphy B, LeRoith D. Rationale and strategies for early detection and management of diabetic kidney disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008 Dec;83(12):1373-81.
43. Adler JT, Meyer-Rochow GY, Chen H, et al. Pheochromocytoma: current approaches and future directions. Oncologist. 2008 Jul;13(7):779-93.
44. Kudva YC, Sawka AM, Young WF Jr. Clinical review 164. The laboratory diagnosis of adrenal pheochromocytoma: the Mayo Clinic experience. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Oct;88(10):4533-9.
45. Laragh JH. Renin profiling for diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment of hypertension. Kidney Int. 1993 Nov;44(5):1163-75.
使用此内容应接受我们的免责声明。
BMJ临床实践的持续改进离不开您的帮助和反馈。如果您发现任何功能问题和内容错误,或您对BMJ临床实践有任何疑问或建议,请您扫描右侧二维码并根据页面指导填写您的反馈和联系信息*。一旦您的建议在我们核实后被采纳,您将会收到一份小礼品。
如果您有紧急问题需要我们帮助,请您联系我们。
邮箱:bmjchina.support@bmj.com
电话:+86 10 64100686-612
*您的联系信息仅会用于我们与您确认反馈信息和礼品事宜。
BMJ临床实践官方反馈平台