无论具体病因是什么,当脑血管供血区域的血液供应由于某条脑动脉严重狭窄或堵塞而出现严重减少时,就可发生缺血性卒中。少数缺血性卒中是由脑窦或皮质静脉血栓形成导致的。与缺血性卒中密切相关的危险因素包括吸烟、[2]Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Kannel WB, et al. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. JAMA. 1988;259:1025-1029.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3339799?tool=bestpractice.com 糖尿病,[3]Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. JAMA. 1979;241:2035-2038.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/430798?tool=bestpractice.com 心房颤动、[4]Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke. 1991;22:983-988.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1866765?tool=bestpractice.com 共存心脏疾病、[5]Goldstein LB, Adams R, Becker K, et al. Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association. Stroke. 2001;32:280-299.http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/32/1/280.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11136952?tool=bestpractice.com 颈动脉狭窄、[6]Chambers BR, Norris JW. Outcome in patients with asymptomatic neck bruits. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:860-865.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3528855?tool=bestpractice.com[7]North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:445-453.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1852179?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Barnett HJ, Taylor DW, Eliasziw M, et al. Benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic moderate or severe stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1415-1425.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199811123392002#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9811916?tool=bestpractice.com 和镰状细胞病。[9]Adams RJ, McKie VC, Hsu L, et al. Prevention of a first stroke by transfusions in children with sickle cell anemia and abnormal results on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:5-11.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199807023390102#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9647873?tool=bestpractice.com