上睑下垂的评估

Finsterer J. Ptosis: causes, presentation, and management. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2003;27:193-204.

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Frueh BR. The mechanistic classification of ptosis. Ophthalmology. 1980;87:1019-1021.

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Small RG, Sabates NR, Burrows D. The measurement and definition of ptosis. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1989;5:171-175.

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Scott IU, Siatkowski MR. Thyroid eye disease. Semin Ophthalmol. 1999;14:52-61.

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Bilyk JR. Periocular infection. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2007;18:414-423.

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Lessner A, Stern GA. Preseptal and orbital cellulitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1992;6:933-952.

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1.  Thakker MM, Rubin PA. Mechanisms of acquired blepharoptosis. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2002;12:101-111.

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2.  Bodker FS, Olson JJ, Putterman AM. Acquired blepharoptosis secondary to essential blepharospasm. Ophthalmic Surg. 1993;24:546-550.

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3.  Anderson RL, Nowinski TS. The five-flap technique for blepharophimosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:448-452.

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4.  Finsterer J. Ptosis: causes, presentation, and management. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2003;27:193-204.

• 摘要

5.  Frueh BR. The mechanistic classification of ptosis. Ophthalmology. 1980;87:1019-1021.

• 摘要

6.  Small RG, Sabates NR, Burrows D. The measurement and definition of ptosis. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1989;5:171-175.

• 摘要

7.  Koursh DM, Modjtahedi SP, Selva D, et al. The blepharochalasis syndrome. Surv Ophthalmol. 2009;54:235-244.

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8.  Weinberg DA, Lesser RL, Vollmer TL. Ocular myasthenia: a protean disorder. Surv Ophthalmol. 1994;39:169-210.

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9.  Scott IU, Siatkowski MR. Thyroid eye disease. Semin Ophthalmol. 1999;14:52-61.

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10.  Biousse V, Newman NJ. Neuro-ophthalmology of mitochondrial diseases. Curr Opin Neurol. 2003;16:35-43.

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11.  Yanovitch T, Buckley E. Diagnosis and management of third nerve palsy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2007;18:373-378.

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12.  Walton KA, Buono LM. Horner syndrome. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2003;14:357-363.

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13.  Clark BJ, Kemp EG, Behan WM, et al. Abnormal extracellular material in the levator palpebrae superioris complex in congenital ptosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113:1414-1419.

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14.  Jacobs D, Galetta S. Diagnosis and management of orbital pseudotumor. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2002;13:347-351.

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15.  Parbhu KC, Galler KE, Li C, et al. Underestimation of soft tissue entrapment by computed tomography in orbital floor fractures in the pediatric population. Ophthalmology. 2008;115:1620-1625.

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16.  George A, Haydar AA, Adams WM. Imaging of Horner's syndrome. Clin Radiol. 2008;63:499-505.

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17.  Bilyk JR. Periocular infection. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2007;18:414-423.

• 摘要

18.  Lessner A, Stern GA. Preseptal and orbital cellulitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1992;6:933-952.

• 摘要

19.  Olson JJ, Putterman A. Loss of vertical palpebral fissure height on downgaze in acquired blepharoptosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113:1293-1297.

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20.  Bernardino CR, Rubin PA. Ptosis after cataract surgery. Semin Ophthalmol. 2002;17:144-148.

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21.  Weiss AH. The swollen and droopy eyelid: signs of systemic disease. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1993;40:789-804.

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22.  Kubal WS. Imaging of orbital trauma. Radiographics. 2008;28:1729-1739.

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