昏迷的评估

Nakagawa TA, Ashwal S, Mathur M, et al. Guidelines for the determination of brain death in infants and children: an update of the 1987 task force recommendations-executive summary. Ann Neurol. 2012;71:573-585.

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Matthes G, Bernhard M, Kanz KG, et al. Emergency anesthesia, airway management and ventilation in major trauma. Background and key messages of the interdisciplinary S3 guidelines for major trauma patients [in German]. Unfallchirurg. 2012;115:251-264.

Wilson JX, Young GB. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: evolving concepts. Can J Neurol Sci. 2003;30:98-105.

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Grubb BP. Clinical practice: neurocardiac syncope. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1004-1010.

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Wijdicks EF, Hijdra A, Young GB, et al. Practice parameter: prediction of outcome in comatose survivors after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Neurology. 2006;67:203-210.

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Zwingmann J, Mehlhorn AT, Hammer T, et al. Survival and neurologic outcome after traumatic out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest in a pediatric and adult population: a systematic review. Crit Care. 2012;16:R117.

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Friberg H, Rundgren M, Westhall E, et al. Continuous evaluation of neurological prognosis after cardiac arrest. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2013;57:6-15.

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Kornbluth J, Bhardwaj A. Evaluation of coma: a critical appraisal of popular scoring systems. Neurocrit Care. 2011;14:134-143.

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Wijdicks EF, Bamlet WR, Maramattom BV, et al. Validation of a new coma scale: the FOUR score. Ann Neurol. 2005;58:585-593.

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Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Early management of patients with a head injury. May 2009. http://www.sign.ac.uk/ (last accessed 3 August 2015).

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Towne AR, Waterhouse EJ, Boggs JG, et al. Prevalence of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in comatose patients. Neurology. 2000;54:340-345.

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