小结
听力受损是最常见的感觉系统损害之一。它可影响所有年龄段，若治疗不恰当将持续终生。正确的诊断建立在对于耳解剖和耳生理的透彻了解之上。
阅读更多解剖
外耳包括耳廓、耳道和鼓膜。鼓膜分隔外耳和中耳。
正常情况下，中耳如外耳一样充满空气。砧骨与锤骨相接，然后同镫骨连接。鼓岬位于中耳内侧壁，对应内耳，尤其是耳蜗底转。镫骨所在部位成为前庭窗，蜗窗在前庭窗下方，两窗同内耳相连。
内耳充满液体，包含听觉器官（耳蜗）和平衡器官（半规管、椭圆囊和球囊）。耳蜗前庭神经将这些终末器官连于听觉和前庭通路
生理
听力受损分类
传导性听力受损常源于外耳和中耳的病变干扰声音传至内耳，很多都可通过手术治疗。
感音神经性听力受损源于内耳（感音性）或听神经/听觉通路（神经性）。鸟类的毛细胞可在创伤后再生，而人类内耳及毛细胞修复能力很有限，故许多感音神经性听力受损将伴随一生。[1]
贡献者
作者 查看所有
Otolaryngologist (Otology/Neurotology)
Department of Otolaryngology
Virginia Mason Medical Center
Medical Director
The Listen for Life Center at Virginia Mason
Seattle
WA
利益冲突披露
SRS is an author of a reference cited in this monograph.Dr S.R. Schwartz would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr S.J. Marzo, Dr J.P. Leonetti, and Dr R.J. Buckingham, previous contributors to this monograph. SJM, JPL, and RJB declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议专家 查看所有
Assistant Professor
Department of Otolaryngology
Department of Neurosurgery
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago
IL
利益冲突披露
AM declares that he has no competing interests.Professor of Otorhinolaryngology
MRC Institute of Hearing Research
Glasgow
UK
利益冲突披露
GB is an author of several books that include discussion of evaluation of hearing loss.使用此内容应接受我们的免责声明。
