裂缝舌、毛舌和地图样舌

Bouquot JE, Gundlach KKH. Odd tongues: the prevalence of common tongue lesions in 23,616 white Americans over 35 years of age. Quintessence Int. 1986;17:719-730.

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Bouquot JE. Common oral lesions found during a mass screening examination. J Am Dent Assoc. 1986;112:50-57.

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1.  Bouquot JE, Gundlach KKH. Odd tongues: the prevalence of common tongue lesions in 23,616 white Americans over 35 years of age. Quintessence Int. 1986;17:719-730.

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2.  Korber A, Dissemond J. Images in clinical medicine: black hairy tongue. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:67.

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3.  Jainkittivong A, Langlais RP. Geographic tongue: clinical characteristics of 188 cases. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2005; 6:123-135.

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4.  Alioglu Z, Caylan R, Adanir M, et al. Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome: report of three cases. Neurol Sci. 2000;21:57-60.

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5.  McCartan BE, Healy CM, McCreary CE, et al. Characteristics of patients with orofacial granulomatosis. Oral Dis. 2011;17:696-704.

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6.  Bouquot JE. Common oral lesions found during a mass screening examination. J Am Dent Assoc. 1986;112:50-57.

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7.  Avcu N, Kanli A. The prevalence of tongue lesions in 5150 Turkish dental outpatients. Oral Dis. 2003;9:188-195.

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8.  Darwazeh AM, Pillai K. Prevalence of tongue lesions in 1013 Jordanian dental outpatients. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1993;21:323-324.

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9.  Farman AG. Hairy tongue (lingua villosa). J Oral Med. 1997;32:85-91.

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10.  Motallebnejad M, Babaee N, Sakhdari S, et al. An epidemiologic study of tongue lesions in 1901 Iranian dental outpatients. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2008;9:73-80.

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11.  Redman RS. Prevalence of geographic tongue, fissured tongue, median rhomboid glossitis, and hairy tongue among 3,611 Minnesota schoolchildren. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1970;30:390-395.

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12.  Shulman JD, Carpenter WM. Prevalence and risk factors associated with geographic tongue among US adults. Oral Dis. 2006;12:381-386.

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13.  Gonzaga HF, Marcos EV, Santana FC, et al. HLA alleles in Brazilian patients with fissured tongue. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27:e166-e170.

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14.  Manabe M, Lim HW, Winzer M, et al. Architectural organization of filiform papillae in normal and black hairy tongue epithelium: dissection of differentiation pathways in a complex human epithelium according to their patterns of keratin expression. Arch Dermatol. 1999;135:177-181.

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15.  Picciani BL, Carneiro S, Sampaio AL, et al. A possible relationship of human leucocyte antigens with psoriasis vulgaris and geographic tongue. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29:865-874.

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16.  Assimakopoulos D, Patrikakos G, Fotika C, et al. Benign migratory glossitis or geographic tongue: an enigmatic oral lesion. Am J Med. 2002;113:751-755.

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17.  Andersson G, Vala EK, Curvall M. The influence of cigarette consumption and smoking machine yields of tar and nicotine on the nicotine uptake and oral mucosal lesions in smokers. J Oral Pathol Med. 1997;26:117-123.

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18.  Sureshbabu R, Kumari R, Ranugh S, et al. Phenotypic and dermatological manifestations in Down syndrome. Dermatol Online J. 2011;17:3.

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19.  Daneshpazhooh M, Nazemi TM, Bigdeloo L, et al. Mucocutaneous findings in 100 children with Down syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007;24:317-320.

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20.  Gurvits GE, Tan A. Black hairy tongue syndrome. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:10845-10850.

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21.  Nisa L, Giger R. Lingua plicata. CMAJ. 2012;184:E241.

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22.  Byrd JA, Bruce AJ, Rogers RS III. Glossitis and other tongue disorders. Dermatol Clin. 2003;21:123-134.

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23.  Winzer M, Gilliar U, Ackerman AB. Hairy lesions of the oral cavity: clinical and histopathologic differentiation of hairy leukoplakia from hairy tongue. Am J Dermatopathol. 1988;10:155-159.

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24.  Sudarshan R, Sree Vijayabala G, Samata Y, et al. Newer classification system for fissured tongue: an epidemiological approach. J Trop Med. 2015;2015:262079.

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25.  Ishibashi M, Tojo G, Watanabe M, et al. Geographic tongue treated with topical tacrolimus. J Dermatol Case Rep. 2010;4:57-59.

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26.  Kullaa-Mikkonen A, Sorvari T. Lingua fissurata: a clinical, stereomicroscopic and histopathological study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1986;15:525-533.

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27.  Sarti GM, Haddy RI, Schaffer D, et al. Black hairy tongue. Am Fam Physician. 1990;41:1751-1755.

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