Damasio AR. Aphasia. N Engl J Med. 1992 Feb 20;326(8):531-9.
Hillis AE. Aphasia: progress in the last quarter of a century. Neurology. 2007 Jul 10;69(2):200-13.
Brady MC, Kelly H, Godwin J, et al. Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(6):CD000425.
Mesulam MM. Slowly progressive aphasia without generalized dementia. Ann Neurol. 1982 Jun;11(6):592-8.
Gorno-Tempini ML, Dronkers NF, Rankin KP, et al. Cognition and anatomy in three variants of primary progressive aphasia. Ann Neurol. 2004 Mar;55(3):335-46.
Kertesz A, McMonagle P, Blair M, et al. The evolution and pathology of frontotemporal dementia. Brain. 2005 Sep;128(Pt 9):1996-2005.
Hodges JR, Patterson K. Semantic dementia: a unique clinicopathologic syndrome. Lancet Neurol. 2007 Nov;6(11):1004-14.
1. Damasio AR. Aphasia. N Engl J Med. 1992 Feb 20;326(8):531-9.
2. Hillis AE. Aphasia: progress in the last quarter of a century. Neurology. 2007 Jul 10;69(2):200-13.
3. Kertesz A. Western aphasia battery. New York, NY: Grune and Stratton; 1982.
4. Goodglass H, Kaplan E. The Boston diagnostic aphasia examination. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febiger; 1972.
5. Ochfeld E, Newhart M, Molitoris J, et al. Ischemia in Broca area is associated with Broca aphasia more reliably in acute than in chronic stroke. Stroke. 2010 Feb;41(2):325-30.
6. Black S, Behrmann M. Localization in alexia. In: Kertesz A, ed. Localization and neuroimaging in neuropsychology. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1994:152-84.
7. Hillis AE, Rapp BC. Cognitive and neural substrates of written language comprehension and production. In: Gazzaniga M, ed. The new cognitive neurosciences. 3rd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1994:755-88.
8. Hickok G, Poeppel D. The cortical organization of speech processing. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007 May;8(5):393-402.
9. Saur D, Kreher BW, Schnell S, et al. Ventral and dorsal pathways for language. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Nov 18;105(46):18035-40.
10. Hillis AE, Heidler J. Contributions and limitations of the "cognitive neuropsychological approach" to treatment: illustrations from studies of reading and spelling therapy. Aphasiology. 2005;19:985-93.
11. Bhogal SK, Teasell R, Speechley M. Intensity of aphasia therapy, impact on recovery. Stroke. 2003 Apr;34(4):987-93.
12. Brady MC, Kelly H, Godwin J, et al. Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(6):CD000425.
13. Cherney LR, Patterson JP, Raymer A, et al. Evidence-based systematic review: effects of intensity of treatment and constraint-induced language therapy for individuals with stroke-induced aphasia. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2008 Oct;51(5):1282-99.
14. Aten JL, Caligiuri MP, Holland AL. The efficacy of functional communication therapy for chronic aphasic patients. J Speech Hear Disord. 1982 Feb;47(1):93-6.
15. Berthier ML, Green C, Higueras C, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled study of donepezil in poststroke aphasia. Neurology. 2006 Nov 14;67(9):1687-9.
16. Berthier ML, Green C, Lara JP, et al. Memantine and constraint-induced aphasia therapy in chronic poststroke aphasia. Ann Neurol. 2009 May;65(5):577-85.
17. Seniów J, Litwin M, Litwin T, et al. New approach to the rehabilitation of post-stroke focal cognitive syndrome: effect of levodopa combined with speech and language therapy on functional recovery from aphasia. J Neurol Sci. 2009 Aug 15;283(1-2):214-8.
18. Elsner B, Kugler J, Pohl M, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving aphasia in patients with aphasia after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(5):CD009760.
19. American College of Emergency Physicians; American Academy of Neurology. Clinical policy: use of intravenous tPA for the management of acute ischemic stroke in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2013 Feb;61(2):225-43.
20. Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al; American Heart Association Stroke Council. 2018 guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2018 Mar;49(3):e46-110.
21. Royal College of Physicians Intercollegiate Stroke Working Party. National clinical guideline for stroke, fifth edition. 2016 [internet publication]
22. Noppeney U, Patterson K, Tyler LK, et al. Temporal lobe lesions and semantic impairment: a comparison of herpes simplex virus encephalitis and semantic dementia. Brain. 2007 Apr;130(Pt 4):1138-47.
23. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Lyme disease. April 2018 [internet publication].
24. Mesulam MM. Slowly progressive aphasia without generalized dementia. Ann Neurol. 1982 Jun;11(6):592-8.
25. Gorno-Tempini ML, Hillis AE, Weintraub S, et al. Recommendations for the classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants. Neurology. 2011 Mar 15;76(11):1006-14.
26. Gorno-Tempini ML, Dronkers NF, Rankin KP, et al. Cognition and anatomy in three variants of primary progressive aphasia. Ann Neurol. 2004 Mar;55(3):335-46.
27. Kertesz A, McMonagle P, Blair M, et al. The evolution and pathology of frontotemporal dementia. Brain. 2005 Sep;128(Pt 9):1996-2005.
28. Hodges JR, Patterson K. Semantic dementia: a unique clinicopathologic syndrome. Lancet Neurol. 2007 Nov;6(11):1004-14.
29. Hillis AE, Selnes O. Cases of aphasia or neglect due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Aphasiology. 1999;13:743-54.
30. Hillis AE, Wityk RJ, Barker PB, et al. Subcortical aphasia and neglect in acute stroke: the role of cortical hypoperfusion. Brain. 2002 May;125(Pt 5):1094-104.
31. Young GS, Geschwind MD, Fischbein NJ, et al. Diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005 Jun-Jul;26(6):1551-62.
32. Li G, Sokal I, Quinn JF, et al. CSF tau/Abeta42 ratio for increased risk of mild cognitive impairment: a follow-up study. Neurology. 2007 Aug 14;69(7):631-9.
33. Rashid W, Hadjiprocopis A, Davies G, et al. Longitudinal evaluation of clinically early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with diffusion tensor imaging. J Neurol. 2008 Mar;255(3):390-7.
34. Tjoa CW, Benedict RH, Dwyer MG, et al. Regional specificity of magnetization transfer imaging in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimaging. 2008 Apr;18(2):130-6.
使用此内容应接受我们的免责声明。
BMJ临床实践的持续改进离不开您的帮助和反馈。如果您发现任何功能问题和内容错误,或您对BMJ临床实践有任何疑问或建议,请您扫描右侧二维码并根据页面指导填写您的反馈和联系信息*。一旦您的建议在我们核实后被采纳,您将会收到一份小礼品。
如果您有紧急问题需要我们帮助,请您联系我们。
邮箱:bmjchina.support@bmj.com
电话:+86 10 64100686-612
*您的联系信息仅会用于我们与您确认反馈信息和礼品事宜。
BMJ临床实践官方反馈平台