DJS 的主要缺陷是由于 MRP2 突变,导致从肝细胞运送葡萄糖苷酸和其它阴离子结合物进入胆汁的过程出现障碍。这种蛋白是一种完整的膜糖蛋白,主要在肝细胞的胆小管(顶)膜表达,其功能为内源性和外源性阴离子结合物的 ATP 依赖性输出泵。
DJS 中所见的高结合胆红素血症由胆红素葡萄糖苷酸跨膜(分隔肝细胞和胆小管的膜)转运缺陷造成。尽管其它肝内代谢正常,但胆小管膜胆红素葡萄糖苷酸排泄障碍会导致结合胆红素回流入血。[20]Mor-Cohen R, Zivelin A, Rosenberg N, et al. A novel ancestral splicing mutation in the multidrug resistance protein 2 gene causes Dubin-Johnson syndrome in Ashkenazi Jewish patients. Hepatology Res. 2005;31:104-111.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15777714?tool=bestpractice.com[21]Kartenbeck J, Leuschner U, Mayer R, et al. Absence of the canalicular isoform of the MRP gene-encoded conjugate export pump from the hepatocytes in Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Hepatology. 1996;23:1061-1066.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8621134?tool=bestpractice.com
MRP2 通过转运多种化合物(特别是谷胱甘肽、葡萄糖醛酸和硫酸结合物)对许多药物的解毒发挥重要作用。
除肝细胞以外,它还存在于近端肾小管细胞、肠上皮细胞和胎盘合体滋养细胞中。[20]Mor-Cohen R, Zivelin A, Rosenberg N, et al. A novel ancestral splicing mutation in the multidrug resistance protein 2 gene causes Dubin-Johnson syndrome in Ashkenazi Jewish patients. Hepatology Res. 2005;31:104-111.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15777714?tool=bestpractice.com[22]Jedlitschky G, Hoffmann U, Kroemer HK. Structure and function of the MRP2 (ABCC2) protein and its role in drug disposition. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2006:2:351-366.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16863439?tool=bestpractice.com
DJS 的一个显著特点是肝脏从褐色变为黑色。对位于溶酶体内的该色素的性质仍然有争论。
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: Masson-Fontana 染色显示一名 DJS 患者出现色素沉着伦敦国王学院医院 Bernard Portmann 教授的个人收藏,授权使用 [Citation ends].虽然最初认为是脂褐素,但最近的研究数据却提供了与之相矛盾的证据,不支持该色素与黑色素或肾上腺素聚合物或其它蓄积在溶酶体内的代谢产物存在关联。根据假设,由于肝细胞分泌多种代谢产物进入胆汁的过程出现障碍,导致这些色素在肝脏中蓄积。这种色素在急性病毒性肝炎期间从肝脏中消失,随后再出现。[5]Rastogi A, Krishnani N, Pandey R. Dubin-Johnson syndrome: a clinicopathologic study of twenty cases. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2006;49:500-504.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17183837?tool=bestpractice.com[23]Varma RR, Grainger JM, Scheuer PJ. A case of Dubin-Johnson syndrome complicated by acute hepatitis. Gut. 1970;11:817.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5485831?tool=bestpractice.com[24]Hunter FM, Sparks RD, Flinner RI. Hepatitis with resulting mobilization of hepatic pigment in a patient with Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Gastroenterology. 1964;47:631-635.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14234683?tool=bestpractice.com[25]Ware AJ, Eigenbrodtt EH, Naftalis J, et al. Dubin Johnson syndrome and viral hepatitis. Gastroenterology. 1974;67:560.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4852761?tool=bestpractice.com[26]Ware AJ, Eigenbrodtt EH, Shorey J. Viral hepatitis complicating the Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Gastroenterology. 1972;63:337.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5048337?tool=bestpractice.com