低钙血症的评估

Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. 2011. http://www.iom.edu/ (last accessed 30 June 2017).

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Holick MF, Brinkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:1911-1930.

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1.  Cooper MS, Gittoes NJ. Diagnosis and management of hypocalcaemia. BMJ. 2008;336:1298-1302.

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2.  Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. 2011. http://www.iom.edu/ (last accessed 30 June 2017).

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3.  Holick MF, Brinkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:1911-1930.

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4.  Carroll JK, Herrick B, Gipson T, et al. Acute pancreatitis: diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2007;75:1513-1520.

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5.  Smallridge RC, Wray HL, Schaaf M. Hypocalcemia with osteoblastic metastases in patient with prostate carcinoma. A cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Am J Med. 1981;71:184-188.

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6.  Murray RM, Grill V, Crinis N, et al. Hypocalcemic and normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism in patients with advanced prostatic cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:4133-4138.

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7.  Maalouf NM, Heller HJ, Odvina CV, et al. Bisphosphonate-induced hypocalcemia: report of three cases and review of literature. Endocr Pract. 2006;12:48-53.

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8.  Richmond BK. Profound refractory hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy in a patient receiving chronic oral bisphosphonate therapy. Am Surg. 2005;71:872-873.

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9.  Zivin JR, Gooley T, Zager RA, et al. Hypocalcemia: a pervasive metabolic abnormality in the critically ill. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37:689-698.

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10.  Prince MR, Erel HE, Lent RW, et al. Gadodiamide administration causes spurious hypocalcemia. Radiology. 2003;227:639-646.

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