急腹症评估

Jung PJ, Merrell RC. Acute abdomen. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1988 Jun;17(2):227-44.

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Rompianesi G, Hann A, Komolafe O, et al. Serum amylase and lipase and urinary trypsinogen and amylase for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;4:CD012010.

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Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). Diagnosis of right lower quadrant pain and suspected acute appendicitis. December 2015 [internet publication].

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Krajewski S, Brown J, Phang PT, et al. Impact of computed tomography of the abdomen on clinical outcomes in patients with acute right lower quadrant pain: a meta-analysis. Can J Surg. 2011 Feb;54(1):43-53.

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Megibow AJ, Balthazar EJ, Cho KC, et al. Bowel obstruction: evaluation with CT. Radiology. 1991 Aug;180(2):313-8.

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Abbas S, Bissett I, Parry BR. Oral water soluble contrast for the management of adhesive small bowel obstruction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jul 18;(3):CD004651.

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Dominguez EP, Sweeney JF, Choi YU. Diagnosis and management of diverticulitis and appendicitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2006 Jun;35(2):367-91.

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Brandt LJ, Boley SJ. AGA technical review on intestinal ischemia. Gastroenterology. 2000 May;118(5):954-68.

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Stollman NH, Raskin JB; Ad Hoc Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Diagnosis and management of diverticular disease of the colon in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 Nov;94(11):3110-21.

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1.  Flasar MH, Cross R, Goldberg E. Acute abdominal pain. Prim Care. 2006 Sep;33(3):659-84.

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2.  Silen W. Cope's early diagnosis of the acute abdomen. 18th ed. New York, NY: Oxford Press; 1991.

3.  Jung PJ, Merrell RC. Acute abdomen. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1988 Jun;17(2):227-44.

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4.  Heading RC. Prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in the general population: a systematic review. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1999;231:3-8.

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5.  Camilleri M, Dubois D, Coulie B, et al. Prevalence and socioeconomic impact of upper gastrointestinal disorders in the United States: results of the US Upper Gastrointestinal Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Jun;3(6):543-52.

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6.  Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland. Commissioning guide: emergency general surgery (acute abdominal pain). April 2014 [internet publication].

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7.  Stefanidis D, Richardson WS, Chang L, et al. The role of diagnostic laparoscopy for acute abdominal conditions: an evidence-based review. Surg Endosc. 2009 Jan;23(1):16-23.

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8.  Maggio AQ, Reece-Smith AM, Tang TY, et al. Early laparoscopy versus active observation in acute abdominal pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2008 Oct;6(5):400-3.

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9.  Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons. Guidelines for Diagnostic Laparoscopy. April 2010 [internet publication].

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10.  Scott AJ, Mason SE, Arunakirinathan M, et al. Risk stratification by the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response score to guide decision-making in patients with suspected appendicitis. Br J Surg. 2015 Apr;102(5):563-72.

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11.  Manterola C, Vial M, Moraga J, et al. Analgesia in patients with acute abdominal pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jan 19;(1):CD005660.

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12.  Helfand M, Freeman M. Assessment and management of acute pain in adult medical inpatients: a systematic review. Pain Med. 2009 Oct;10(7):1183-99.

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13.  Chen EH, Mills AM. Abdominal pain in special populations. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2011 May;29(2):449-58.

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14.  Ragsdale L, Southerland L. Acute abdominal pain in the older adult. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2011 May;29(2):429-48.

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15.  Kilpatrick CC, Monga M. Approach to the acute abdomen in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2007 Sep;34(3):389-402.

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16.  American College of Radiology. ACR–ACOG–AIUM–SRU practice parameter for the performance of obstetrical ultrasound. 2013 [internet publication].

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17.  Foster NM, McGory ML, Zingmond DS, et al. Small bowel obstruction: a population-based appraisal. J Am Coll Surg. 2006 Aug;203(2):170-6.

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18.  Ellis H. Intraabdominal and postoperative peritoneal adhesions. J Am Coll Surg. 2005 May;200(5):641-4.

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19.  Escobar GA, Upchurch GR. Management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. In: Cameron JL, Cameron AM, eds. Current surgical therapy, 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:709-13.

20.  Gayet-Ageron A, Prieto-Merino D, Ker K, et al. Effect of treatment delay on the effectiveness and safety of antifibrinolytics in acute severe haemorrhage: a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data from 40 138 bleeding patients. Lancet. 2018 Jan 13;391(10116):125-32.

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21.  Babu K. A study on efficacy of Alvarado scoring in early diagnosis of acute appendicitis. J Evid Based Med. 2016;3(20):848-56.

22.  Cooper JG, West RM, Clamp SE, et al. Does computer-aided clinical decision support improve the management of acute abdominal pain? A systematic review. Emerg Med J. 2011 Jul;28(7):553-7.

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23.  Akbulut S, Caliskan A, Ekin A, et al. Left-sided acute appendicitis with situs inversus totalis: review of 63 published cases and report of two cases. J Gastrointest Surg. 2010 Sep;14(9):1422-8.

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24.  Rompianesi G, Hann A, Komolafe O, et al. Serum amylase and lipase and urinary trypsinogen and amylase for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;4:CD012010.

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25.  Avanesov M, Löser A, Keller S, et al. Diagnosing acute pancreatitis-Clinical and radiological characterisation of patients without threefold increase of serum lipase. Eur J Radiol. 2017 Oct;95:278-285.

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26.  Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). Diagnosis of right lower quadrant pain and suspected acute appendicitis. December 2015 [internet publication].

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27.  Krajewski S, Brown J, Phang PT, et al. Impact of computed tomography of the abdomen on clinical outcomes in patients with acute right lower quadrant pain: a meta-analysis. Can J Surg. 2011 Feb;54(1):43-53.

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28.  Lindelius A, Törngren S, Pettersson H, et al. Role of surgeon-performed ultrasound on further management of patients with acute abdominal pain: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Emerg Med J. 2009 Aug;26(8):561-6.

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29.  Lindelius A, Törngren S, Nilsson L, et al. Randomized clinical trial of bedside ultrasound among patients with abdominal pain in the emergency department: impact on patient satisfaction and health care consumption. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2009 Nov 27;17:60.

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30.  Gaitan HG, Reveiz L, Farquhar C, et al. Laparoscopy for the management of acute lower abdominal pain in women of childbearing age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 May 22;(5):CD007683.

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31.  Dominguez LCS. Early laparoscopy for the evaluation of nonspecific abdominal pain: A critical appraisal of the evidence. Surg Endosc. 2011 Jan;25(1):10-8.

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32.  Balthazar EJ, George W; Holmes Lecture. CT of small-bowel obstruction. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994 Feb;162(2):255-61.

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33.  Megibow AJ, Balthazar EJ, Cho KC, et al. Bowel obstruction: evaluation with CT. Radiology. 1991 Aug;180(2):313-8.

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34.  Abbas S, Bissett I, Parry BR. Oral water soluble contrast for the management of adhesive small bowel obstruction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jul 18;(3):CD004651.

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35.  Rabinovici R, Simansky DA, Kaplan O, et al. Cecal volvulus. Dis Colon Rectum. 1990 Sep;33(9):765-9.

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36.  Shaff MI, Himmelfarb E, Sacks GA, et al. The whirl sign: a CT finding in volvulus of the large bowel. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1985 Mar-Apr;9(2):410.

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37.  Sorantin E, Lindbichler F. Management of intussusception. Eur Radiol. 2004 Mar;14(suppl 4):L146-54.

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38.  del-Pozo G, Albillos JC, Tejedor D, et al. Intussusception in children: current concepts in diagnosis and enema reduction. Radiographics. 1999 Mar-Apr;19(2):299-319.

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39.  Shiels WE 2nd, Maves CK, Hedlund GL, et al. Air enema for diagnosis and reduction of intussusception: clinical experience and pressure correlates. Radiology. 1991 Oct;181(1):169-72.

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40.  American College of Radiology. ACR-SPR practice parameter for the performance of pediatric fluoroscopic contrast enema examinations. 2016 [internet publication].

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41.  Byrne AT, Geoghegan T, Govender P, et al. The imaging of intussusception. Clin Radiol. 2005 Jan;60(1):39-46.

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42.  Ko CW, Lee SP. Gastrointestinal disorders of the critically ill: biliary sludge and cholecystitis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2003 Jun;17(3):383-96.

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43.  Ziessman HA. Acute cholecystitis, biliary obstruction, and biliary leakage. Semin Nucl Med. 2003 Oct;33(4):279-96.

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44.  Mirvis SE, Vainright JR, Nelson AW, et al. The diagnosis of acute acalculous cholecystitis: a comparison of sonography, scintigraphy, and CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986 Dec;147(6):1171-5.

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45.  Shuman WP, Rogers JV, Rudd TG, et al. Low sensitivity of sonography and cholescintigraphy in acalculous cholecystitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1984 Mar;142(3):531-4.

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46.  Talley NJ, Vakil NB, Moayyedi P. American Gastroenterological Association technical review on the evaluation of dyspepsia. Gastroenterology. 2005 Nov;129(5):1756-80.

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47.  Chey WD, Leontiadis GI, Howden CW, et al. ACG clinical guideline: treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Feb;112(2):212-39.

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48.  Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain C, et al. Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: the Maastricht III consensus report. Gut. 2007 Jun;56(6):772-81.

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49.  Andersson RE. Meta-analysis of the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of appendicitis. Br J Surg. 2004 Jan;91(1):28-37.

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50.  Howell JM, Eddy OL, Lukens TW, et al; American College of Emergency Physicians. Clinical policy: critical issues in the evaluation and management of emergency department patients with suspected appendicitis. Ann Emerg Med. 2010 Jan;55(1):71-116.

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51.  Anderson SW, Soto JA, Lucey BC, et al. Abdominal 64-MDCT for suspected appendicitis: the use of oral and IV contrast material versus IV contrast material only. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Nov;193(5):1282-8.

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52.  Dominguez EP, Sweeney JF, Choi YU. Diagnosis and management of diverticulitis and appendicitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2006 Jun;35(2):367-91.

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53.  Basaran A, Basaran M. Diagnosis of acute appendicitis during pregnancy: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2009 Jul;64(7):481-8.

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54.  Chen SC, Chen KM, Wang SM, et al. Abdominal sonography screening of clinically diagnosed or suspected appendicitis before surgery. World J Surg. 1998 May;22(5):449-52.

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55.  American Academy of Emergency Medicine. Clinical practice committee statement: utility of ultrasound in the initial evaluation of adult patients with suspected appendicitis. September 2013 [internet publication].

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56.  Lipscomb GH, Stovall TG, Ling FW. Nonsurgical treatment of ectopic pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2000 Nov 2;343(18):1325-9.

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57.  Servaes S, Zurakowski D, Laufer MR, et al. Sonographic findings of ovarian torsion in children. Pediatr Radiol. 2007 May;37(5):446-51.

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58.  Hartnell GG. Imaging of aortic aneurysms and dissection: CT and MRI. J Thorac Imaging. 2001 Jan;16(1):35-46.

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59.  Bansal RC, Chandrasekaran K, Ayala K, et al. Frequency and explanation of false negative diagnosis of aortic dissection by aortography and transesophageal echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995 May;25(6):1393-401.

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60.  Nienaber CA, von Kodolitsch Y, Nicolas V, et al. The diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection by noninvasive imaging procedures. N Engl J Med. 1993 Jan 7;328(1):1-9.

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61.  Kuhn M, Bonnin RL, Davey MJ, et al. Emergency department ultrasound scanning for abdominal aortic aneurysm: accessible, accurate, and advantageous. Ann Emerg Med. 2000 Sep;36(3):219-23.

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62.  Brandt LJ, Boley SJ. AGA technical review on intestinal ischemia. Gastroenterology. 2000 May;118(5):954-68.

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63.  Murray MJ, Gonze MD, Nowak LR, et al. Serum D(-)-lactate levels as an aid to diagnosing acute intestinal ischemia. Am J Surg. 1994 Jun;167(6):575-8.

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64.  Hager WD, Eschenbach DA, Spence MR, et al. Criteria for diagnosis and grading of salpingitis. Obstet Gynecol. 1983 Jan;61(1):113-4.

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65.  Mirhashemi R, Schoell WM, Estape R, et al. Trends in the management of pelvic abscesses. J Am Coll Surg. 1999 May;188(5):567-72.

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66.  Taylor KJ, Wasson JF, De Graaff C, et al. Accuracy of grey-scale ultrasound diagnosis of abdominal and pelvic abscesses in 220 patients. Lancet. 1978 Jan 14;1(8055):83-4.

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67.  Badalov N, Baradarian R, Iswara K, et al. Drug-induced acute pancreatitis: an evidence-based review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Jun;5(6):648-61.

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68.  Leung TK, Lee CM, Lin SY, et al. Balthazar computed tomography severity index is superior to Ranson criteria and APACHE II scoring system in predicting acute pancreatitis outcome. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Oct 14;11(38):6049-52.

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69.  Stollman NH, Raskin JB; Ad Hoc Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Diagnosis and management of diverticular disease of the colon in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 Nov;94(11):3110-21.

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70.  Roberts P, Abel M, Rosen L, et al; The Standards Task Force American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Practice parameters for sigmoid diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 1995 Feb;38(2):125-32.

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71.  Shrier D, Skucas J, Weiss S. Diverticulitis: an evaluation by computed tomography and contrast enema. Am J Gastroenterol. 1991 Oct;86(10):1466-71.

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72.  Verbanck J, Lambrecht S, Rutgeerts L, et al. Can sonography diagnose acute colonic diverticulitis in patients with acute intestinal inflammation? A prospective study. J Clin Ultrasound. 1989 Nov-Dec;17(9):661-6.

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73.  Zielke A, Hasse C, Nies C, et al. Prospective evaluation of ultrasonography in acute colonic diverticulitis. Br J Surg. 1997 Mar;84(3):385-8.

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74.  Ross M, Brown M, McLaughlin K, et al. Emergency physician-performed ultrasound to diagnose cholelithiasis: a systematic review. Acad Emerg Med. 2011 Mar;18(3):227-35.

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