肾上腺意外瘤的评估

Grumbach MM, Biller BM, Braunstein GD, et al. Management of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass ("incidentaloma"). Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:424-429.

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Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Management of clinically inapparent adrenal mass. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment: No. 56 AHRQ Publication No. 02-E013. February 2002. http://www.ahrq.gov (last accessed 9 September 2017).

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Young WF Jr. Clinical practice. The incidentally discovered adrenal mass. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:601-610.

Newell-Price J, Bertagna X, Grossman AB, et al. Cushing's syndrome. Lancet. 2006 May 13;367(9522):1605-17.

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Bertherat J, Mosnier-Pudar H, Bertagna X. Adrenal incidentalomas. Curr Opin Oncol. 2002;14:58-63.

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American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: incidentally discovered adrenal mass. 2012. http://www.acr.org (last accessed 9 September 2017).

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Gopan T, Remer E, Hamrahian AH. Evaluating and managing adrenal incidentalomas. Cleve Clin J Med. 2006;73:561-568.

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1.  Grumbach MM, Biller BM, Braunstein GD, et al. Management of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass ("incidentaloma"). Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:424-429.

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• 摘要

2.  Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Management of clinically inapparent adrenal mass. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment: No. 56 AHRQ Publication No. 02-E013. February 2002. http://www.ahrq.gov (last accessed 9 September 2017).

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3.  Kloos RT, Gross MD, Francis IR, et al. Incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Endocr Rev. 1995;16:460-484.

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4.  Young WF Jr. Clinical practice. The incidentally discovered adrenal mass. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:601-610.

5.  Nieman LK. Cushing's syndrome. In: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, eds. Endocrinology. 6th ed. Saunders Elsevier; 2010.

6.  Newell-Price J, Bertagna X, Grossman AB, et al. Cushing's syndrome. Lancet. 2006 May 13;367(9522):1605-17.

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7.  Terzolo M, Pia A, Ali A, et al. Adrenal incidentaloma: a new cause of the metabolic syndrome? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Mar;87(3):998-1003.

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8.  Kawashima A, Sandler CM, Fishman EK, et al. Spectrum of CT findings in nonmalignant disease of the adrenal gland. Radiographics. 1998;18:393-412.

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9.  Allolio B, Fassnacht M. Clinical review: adrenocortical carcinoma: clinical update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:2027-2037.

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10.  Bertherat J, Mosnier-Pudar H, Bertagna X. Adrenal incidentalomas. Curr Opin Oncol. 2002;14:58-63.

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11.  Otal P, Escourrou G, Mazerolles C, et al. Imaging features of uncommon adrenal masses with histopathologic correlation. Radiographics. 1999;19:569-581.

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12.  Zeiger MA, Thompson GB, Duh QY, et al. The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Association of Endocrine Surgeons medical guidelines for the management of adrenal incidentalomas. Endocr Pract. 2009;15(suppl 1):1-20.

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13.  American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: incidentally discovered adrenal mass. 2012. http://www.acr.org (last accessed 9 September 2017).

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14.  Terzolo M, Stigliano A, Chiodini I, et al. AME position statement on adrenal incidentaloma. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;164:851-870.

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15.  Boland GW, Dwamena BA, Jagtiani Sangwaiya M, et al. Characterization of adrenal masses by using FDG PET: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test performance. Radiology. 2011;259:117-126.

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16.  Wong KK, Arabi M, Bou-Assaly W, et al. Evaluation of incidentally discovered adrenal masses with PET and PET/CT. Eur J Radiol. 2012;81:441-450.

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17.  Avram AM, Fig LM, Gross MD. Adrenal gland scintigraphy. Semin Nucl Med. 2006;36:212-227.

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18.  Jacobson AF, Deng H, Lombard J, et al. 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy for the detection of neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma: results of a meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:2596-2606.

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19.  Libè R, Dall'Asta C, Barbetta L, et al. Long-term follow-up study of patients with adrenal incidentalomas. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002;147:489-494.

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20.  Petersenn S, Unger N, Walz MK, et al. Diagnostic value of biochemical parameters in the differential diagnosis of an adrenal mass. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1073:348-357.

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21.  Pecori Giraldi F, Ambrogio AG, De Martin M, et al. Specificity of first-line tests for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: assessment in a large series. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:4123-4129.

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22.  Korobkin M, Brodeur FJ, Francis IR, et al. CT time-attenuation washout curves of adrenal adenomas and non adenomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;170:747-752.

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23.  Sawka AM, Jaeschke R, Singh RJ, et al. A comparison of biochemical tests for pheochromocytoma: measurement of fractionated plasma metanephrines compared with the combination of 24-hour urinary metanephrines and catecholamines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:553-558.

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24.  Shulkin BL, Thompson NW, Shapiro B, et al. Pheochromocytomas: imaging with 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET. Radiology. 1999;212:35-41.

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25.  Hoegerle S, Nitzsche E, Altehoefer C, et al. Pheochromocytomas: detection with 18F DOPA whole body PET - initial results. Radiology. 2002;222:507-512.

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26.  Gopan T, Remer E, Hamrahian AH. Evaluating and managing adrenal incidentalomas. Cleve Clin J Med. 2006;73:561-568.

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27.  Tiu SC, Choi CH, Shek CC, et al. The use of aldosterone-renin ratio as a diagnostic test for primary hyperaldosteronism and its test characteristics under different conditions of blood sampling. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:72-78.

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28.  Yun M, Kim W, Alnafisi N, et al. 18F-FDG PET in characterizing adrenal lesions detected on CT or MRI. J Nucl Med. 2001;42:1795-1799.

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