BMJ Best Practice
最后审核时间: 十月 2018
最近更新时间: 九月 2018

小结

鉴别诊断

常见

  • 上呼吸道病毒性感染
  • 鼻息肉
  • 慢性炎症性鼻窦疾病
  •  额部或枕部创伤

罕见

  • 化学暴露
  • 药物暴露
  • 头颈部放疗
  • 阿尔茨海默病

贡献者

Allen M. Seiden MD, FACS

Professor of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

University of Cincinnati

Cincinnati

OH

利益冲突披露
AMS declares that he has no competing interests.

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ENT Consultant and Honorary Senior Lecturer

University of Aberdeen

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery

Aberdeen Royal Infirmary

Aberdeen

UK

利益冲突披露
SKM declares that she has no competing interests.

ENT Consultant

Royal National Throat, Nose, and Ear Hospital

London

UK

利益冲突披露
SG declares that he has no competing interests.

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary

Harvard Medical School

Boston

MA

利益冲突披露
EHH declares that he has no competing interests.

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