嗅觉减退的评估

Seiden AM. The initial assessment of patients with taste and smell disorders. In: Seiden AM, ed. Taste and smell disorders. New York, NY: Thieme; 1997:4-19.

Harris R, Davidson TM, Murphy C, et al. Clinical evaluation and symptoms of chemosensory impairment: 1000 consecutive cases from the nasal dysfunction clinic in San Diego. Am J Rhinol. 2006;20:101-108.

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Seiden AM, Duncan HJ. The diagnosis of a conductive olfactory loss. Laryngoscope. 2001;111:9-14.

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Hummel T, Lötsch J. Prognostic factors of olfactory dysfunction. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;136:347-351.

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Duncan HJ, Seiden AM. Long-term follow-up of olfactory loss secondary to head trauma and upper respiratory tract infection. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1183-1187.

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Goodspeed RB, Gent JF, Catalanotto FA. Chemosensory dysfunction. Clinical evaluation results from a taste and smell clinic. Postgrad Med. 1987;81:251-257.

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Amoore JE. Effects of chemical exposure on olfaction in humans. In: Barrow CS, ed. Toxicology of the nasal passages. Washington. DC: Hemisphere Publishing; 1986;263-273.

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4.  Seiden AM. The initial assessment of patients with taste and smell disorders. In: Seiden AM, ed. Taste and smell disorders. New York, NY: Thieme; 1997:4-19.

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8.  Harris R, Davidson TM, Murphy C, et al. Clinical evaluation and symptoms of chemosensory impairment: 1000 consecutive cases from the nasal dysfunction clinic in San Diego. Am J Rhinol. 2006;20:101-108.

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9.  Konstantinidis I, Tsakiropoulou E, Bekiaridou P, et al. Use of olfactory training in post-traumatic and postinfectious olfactory dysfunction. Laryngoscope. 2013;123:E85-E90.

10.  Seiden AM, Duncan HJ. The diagnosis of a conductive olfactory loss. Laryngoscope. 2001;111:9-14.

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11.  Hummel T, Lötsch J. Prognostic factors of olfactory dysfunction. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;136:347-351.

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• 摘要

12.  Duncan HJ, Seiden AM. Long-term follow-up of olfactory loss secondary to head trauma and upper respiratory tract infection. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:1183-1187.

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13.  Cavazzana A, Larsson M, Münch M, et al. Postinfectious olfactory loss: a retrospective study on 791 patients. Laryngoscope. 2017 May 29 [Epub ahead of print].

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14.  DiNardo LJ, Costanzo RM. Postraumatic olfactory loss. In: Seiden AM, ed. Taste and smell disorders. New York, NY: Thieme; 1997:79-87.

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16.  Goodspeed RB, Gent JF, Catalanotto FA. Chemosensory dysfunction. Clinical evaluation results from a taste and smell clinic. Postgrad Med. 1987;81:251-257.

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17.  Kern RC. Chronic sinusitis and anosmia: pathologic changes in the olfactory mucosa. Laryngoscope. 2000;110:1071-1077.

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18.  Konstantinidis I, Witt M, Kaidoglou K, et al. Olfactory mucosa in nasal polyposis: implications for FESS outcome. Rhinology. 2010;48:47-53.

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19.  Yee KK, Pribitkin EA, Cowart BJ, et al. Neuropathology of the olfactory mucosa in chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2010;24:110-120.

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20.  Kohli P, Naik AN, Harruff EE, et al. The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope. 2017;127:309-20.

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21.  Kohli P, Naik AN, Farhood Z, et al. Olfactory outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis: a meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016;155:936-48.

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22.  Amoore JE. Effects of chemical exposure on olfaction in humans. In: Barrow CS, ed. Toxicology of the nasal passages. Washington. DC: Hemisphere Publishing; 1986;263-273.

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24.  Jafek BW, Linschoten MR, Murrow BW. Anosmia after intranasal zinc gluconate use. Am J Rhinol. 2004;18:137-141.

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25.  Alexander TH, Davidson TM. Intranasal zinc and anosmia: the zinc-induced anosmia syndrome. Laryngoscope. 2006;116:217-220.

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26.  Schiffman SS. Drugs influencing taste and smell perception. In: Getchell TV, Doty RL, Bartoshuk LM, et al, eds. Smell and taste in health and disease. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1991: 845-850.

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28.  Ophir D, Guterman A, Gross-Isseroff R. Changes in smell acuity induced by radiation exposure of the olfactory mucosa. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1988;114:853-855.

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29.  Hosemann W, Gode U, Wigand ME. Indications, technique, and results of endonasal endoscopic ethmoidectomy. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1993;47:73-83.

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30.  Kovacs T. Mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Ageing Res Rev. 2004;3:215-232.

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31.  Devanand DP, Michaels-Marston KS, Liu X, et al. Olfactory deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment predict Alzheimer's disease at follow-up. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157:1399-1405.

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32.  Wilson RS, Arnold SE, Buchman AS, et al. Odor identification and progression of parkinsonian signs in older persons. Exp Aging Res. 2008;34:173-187.

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33.  Iannilli E, Stephan L, Hummel T, et al. Olfactory impairment in Parkinson's disease is a consequence of central nervous system decline. J Neurol. 2017;264:1236-46.

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34.  Gottschlich S, Ambrosch P, Kramkowski D, et al. Head and neck manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis. Rhinology. 2006;44:227-233.

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35.  Getchell ML, Melbert TK. Olfactory mucus secretions. In: Getchell TV, Doty RL, Bartoshuk LM, et al, eds. Smell and taste in health and disease. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1991:83-95.

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37.  Hamilton BE, Weissman JL. Imaging of chemosensory loss. Otolaryngol Clin N Amer. 2004;37:1255-1280.

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38.  Doty RL, Shaman P, Dann M. Development of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function. Physiol Behav. 1984;32:489-502.

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39.  Hummel T, Sekinger B, Wolf SR, et al. "Sniffin' sticks": olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination, and olfactory threshold. Chem Senses. 1997;22:39-52.

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40.  Frank RA, Gesteland RC, Bailie J, et al. Characterization of the Sniff Magnitude Test. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;132:532-536.

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41.  Davidson TM, Murphy C. Rapid clinical evaluation of anosmia: the alcohol sniff test. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;123:591-594.

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42.  Hoekman PK, Houlton JJ, Seiden AM. The utility of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostic evaluation of idiopathic olfactory loss. Laryngoscope. 2014;124:365-368.

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43.  Ikeda K, Sakurada T, Suzaki Y, et al. Efficacy of systemic corticosteroid treatment for anosmia with nasal and paranasal sinus disease. Rhinology. 1995;33:162-165.

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44.  Mott A, Cain W, Lafreniere D, et al. Topical corticosteroid treatment of anosmia associated with nasal and sinus disease. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;123:367-372.

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45.  Schwartzbauer HR, Tami TA. Ear, nose, and throat manifestations of sarcoidosis. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. 2003;36:673-684.

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46.  Hentschel SJ, DeMonte F. Olfactory groove meningiomas. Neurosurg Focus. 2003;14:e4.

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