在胎儿发育过程中,在第一孕期腹膜延伸部分由引带牵引通过腹股沟管迁移到远端。通常,穿过腹股沟管延伸并下降到阴囊(鞘状突)的这种薄的膜性结构在腹股沟内环的近端是闭锁的,远端部分形成鞘膜。[3]Baskin LS, Kogan BA. Hydrocele/hernia. In: Gonzales ET, Bauer SB, eds. Pediatric urology practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 1999:649-653.[7]Barthold JS, Kass EJ. Abnormalities of the penis and scrotum. In: Belman AB, King LR, Kramer SA, eds. Guide to clinical pediatric urology. London: Martin Dunitz; 2002:267-298.
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 正常解剖由BMJ集团创建 [Citation ends].在大多数情况下,鞘状突在出生后的第一年闭锁。[6]Skoog SJ. Benign and malignant pediatric scrotal masses. Urol Clin North Am. 1997;44:1229-1250.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9326960?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Barthold JS, Kass EJ. Abnormalities of the penis and scrotum. In: Belman AB, King LR, Kramer SA, eds. Guide to clinical pediatric urology. London: Martin Dunitz; 2002:267-298.[8]Rowe MI, Copelson LW, Clatworthy HW. The patent processus vaginalis and the inguinal hernia. J Pediatr Surg. 1969;4:102-107.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5779274?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Bronsther B, Abrams MW, Elboim C. Inguinal hernias in children - a study of 1,000 cases and a review of the literature. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 1972;27:522-525.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4342346?tool=bestpractice.com如果腹股沟管内环未闭锁,便称为鞘状突未闭,鞘膜与腹膜相通,因此腹水可在两个结构间自由流动,交通性鞘膜积液由此形成。
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 交通性鞘膜积液由BMJ集团创建 [Citation ends].如果交通足够大,腹腔内的结构,如小肠,网膜,膀胱或阴囊的内容物可能在腹股沟管内发现,这种并发症被称为腹股沟斜疝。[2]Schneck FX, Bellinger MF. Abnormalities of testis and scrotum and their surgical management. In: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, et al, eds. Campbell-Walsh urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2007:3761-3798.[3]Baskin LS, Kogan BA. Hydrocele/hernia. In: Gonzales ET, Bauer SB, eds. Pediatric urology practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 1999:649-653.
虽然两性在第一孕期均形成鞘状突,但女性的鞘状突并不扩大。努克管的鞘膜积液是罕见的,由于鞘状突未闭导致液体积聚在腹股沟管内。
非交通性或单纯性鞘膜积液发生在鞘状突已闭合但鞘膜液体的分泌速度超过吸收速度时。
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 非交通性鞘膜积液由BMJ集团创建 [Citation ends].一个腹阴囊鞘膜积液是一种单纯性的鞘膜积液,通过腹股沟管扩大而突入腹部。睾丸鞘膜积液是鞘状突节段性闭合的结果。它是包裹性的且通常不与腹膜腔相通。[2]Schneck FX, Bellinger MF. Abnormalities of testis and scrotum and their surgical management. In: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, et al, eds. Campbell-Walsh urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2007:3761-3798.