鞘膜积液

Schneck FX, Bellinger MF. Abnormalities of testis and scrotum and their surgical management. In: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, et al, eds. Campbell-Walsh urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2007:3761-3798.

Baskin LS, Kogan BA. Hydrocele/hernia. In: Gonzales ET, Bauer SB, eds. Pediatric urology practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 1999:649-653.

Bronsther B, Abrams MW, Elboim C. Inguinal hernias in children - a study of 1,000 cases and a review of the literature. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 1972;27:522-525.

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Esposito C, Valla JS, Najmaldin A, et al. Incidence and management of hydrocele following varicocele surgery in children. J Urol. 2004;171:1271-1273.

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Tekgül S, Dogan HS, Hoebeke P, et al; European Association of Urology. Guidelines on paediatric urology. 2017. http://www.uroweb.org/ (last accessed 3 October 2017).

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Dogra VS, Gottlieb RH, Oka M, et al. Sonography of the scrotum. Radiology. 2003;227:18-36.

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1.  International Pediatric Endosurgery Group. IPEG guidelines for inguinal hernia and hydrocele. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2010;20:x-xiv.

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2.  Schneck FX, Bellinger MF. Abnormalities of testis and scrotum and their surgical management. In: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, et al, eds. Campbell-Walsh urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2007:3761-3798.

3.  Baskin LS, Kogan BA. Hydrocele/hernia. In: Gonzales ET, Bauer SB, eds. Pediatric urology practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 1999:649-653.

4.  Kaefer M, Agarwal D, Misseri R, et al. Treatment of contralateral hydrocele in neonatal testicular torsion: is less more? J Pediatr Urol. 2016;12:306.e1-306.e4.

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5.  Kapur P, Caty MG, Glick PL. Pediatric hernias and hydroceles. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1998;45:773-789.

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6.  Skoog SJ. Benign and malignant pediatric scrotal masses. Urol Clin North Am. 1997;44:1229-1250.

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7.  Barthold JS, Kass EJ. Abnormalities of the penis and scrotum. In: Belman AB, King LR, Kramer SA, eds. Guide to clinical pediatric urology. London: Martin Dunitz; 2002:267-298.

8.  Rowe MI, Copelson LW, Clatworthy HW. The patent processus vaginalis and the inguinal hernia. J Pediatr Surg. 1969;4:102-107.

• 摘要

9.  Bronsther B, Abrams MW, Elboim C. Inguinal hernias in children - a study of 1,000 cases and a review of the literature. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 1972;27:522-525.

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10.  Small CM, DeCaro JJ, Terrell ML, et al. Maternal exposure to a brominated flame retardant and genitourinary conditions in male offspring. Environ Health Perspect. 2009;117:1175-1179.

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11.  Esposito C, Valla JS, Najmaldin A, et al. Incidence and management of hydrocele following varicocele surgery in children. J Urol. 2004;171:1271-1273.

• 摘要

12.  Lipshultz LI, Thomas AJ, Khera M. Surgical management of male infertility. In: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, et al, eds. Campbell-Walsh urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2007:665.

13.  Al-Kandari AM, Shabaan H, Ibrahim HM, et al. Comparison of outcomes of different varicocelectomy techniques: open inguinal, laparoscopic, and subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy: a randomized clinical trial. Urology. 2007;69:417-420.

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14.  Streit T, Lafontant JG. Eliminating lymphatic filariasis: a view from the field. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1136:53-63.

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15.  Kogan BA. Communicating hydrocele/hernia repair in children. BJU Int. 2007;100:703-714.

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16.  Cimador M, Castagnetti M, De Grazia E. Management of hydrocele in adolescent patients. Nat Rev Urol. 2010;7:379-385.

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17.  Tekgül S, Dogan HS, Hoebeke P, et al; European Association of Urology. Guidelines on paediatric urology. 2017. http://www.uroweb.org/ (last accessed 3 October 2017).

• 全文

18.  Dogra VS, Gottlieb RH, Oka M, et al. Sonography of the scrotum. Radiology. 2003;227:18-36.

• 摘要

19.  Sandlow JI, Winfield HN, Goldstein M. Surgery of the scrotum and seminal vesicles. In: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, et al, eds. Campbell-Walsh urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2007:1105-1106.

20.  Abel EJ, Pettus JA, Snow B. Laparoscopic marsupialization before inguinal repair of large abdominoscrotal hydroceles in infants: observation of natural history and description of technique. Urology. 2009;73:507-509.

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21.  Jahnson S, Sandblom D, Holmang S. A randomized trial comparing 2 doses of polidocanol sclerotherapy for hydrocele or spermatocele. J Urol. 2011;186:1319-1323.

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22.  Zampieri N, El-Dalati G, Ottolenghi A, et al. Percutaneous aspiration for hydroceles after varicocelectomy. Urology. 2009;74:1122-1124.

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