眼眶骨折

al-Qurainy IA, Stassen LF, Dutton GN, et al. The characteristics of midfacial fractures and the association with ocular injury: a prospective study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1991;29:291-301.

• 摘要

Markowitz BL, Manson PN, Sargent L, et al. Management of the medial canthal tendon in nasoethmoid orbital fractures: the importance of the central fragment in classification and treatment. Plast Reconst Surg. 1991;87:843-853.

• 摘要

Manolidis S, Weeks BH, Kirby M, et al. Classification and surgical management of orbital fractures: experience with 111 orbital reconstructions. J Craniofac Surg. 2002;13:726-737.

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Cobb A, Murthy R, Manisali M, et al. Oculovagal reflex in paediatric orbital floor fractures mimicking head injury. Emerg Med J. 2009;26:351-353.

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de Man K, Wijngaarde R, Hes J, et al. Influence of age on the management of blow-out fractures of the orbital floor. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1991;20:330-336.

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Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. Codeine: restricted use as analgesic in children and adolescents after European safety review. Drug Safety Update. 2013;6:S1.

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1.  al-Qurainy IA, Stassen LF, Dutton GN, et al. The characteristics of midfacial fractures and the association with ocular injury: a prospective study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1991;29:291-301.

• 摘要

2.  Markowitz BL, Manson PN, Sargent L, et al. Management of the medial canthal tendon in nasoethmoid orbital fractures: the importance of the central fragment in classification and treatment. Plast Reconst Surg. 1991;87:843-853.

• 摘要

3.  Ayliffe P, Ward Booth P. Nasoethmoid fractures. In: Ward Booth P, Eppley BL, Schmelzeisen R, eds. Maxillofacial trauma and esthetic facial reconstruction. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2003:215-228.

4.  Gruss JS. Naso-ethmoid-orbital fractures: classification and role of primary bone grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1985;75:303-317.

• 摘要

5.  Manolidis S, Weeks BH, Kirby M, et al. Classification and surgical management of orbital fractures: experience with 111 orbital reconstructions. J Craniofac Surg. 2002;13:726-737.

• 摘要

6.  Cobb A, Murthy R, Manisali M, et al. Oculovagal reflex in paediatric orbital floor fractures mimicking head injury. Emerg Med J. 2009;26:351-353.

• 摘要

7.  de Man K, Wijngaarde R, Hes J, et al. Influence of age on the management of blow-out fractures of the orbital floor. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1991;20:330-336.

• 摘要

8.  Ethunandan M, Evans BT. Linear trapdoor or "white-eye" blowout fracture of the orbit: not restricted to children. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;49:142-147.

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9.  Egbert JE, May K, Kersten RC, et al. Pediatric orbital floor fracture: direct extraocular muscle involvement. Ophthalmology. 2000;107:1875-1879.

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10.  Paton JF, Boscan P, Pickering AE, et al. The yin and yang of cardiac autonomic control: vago-sympathetic interactions revisited. Brain Res Rev. 2005;49:555-565.

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11.  Cohen SM, Garrett CG. Pediatric orbital floor fractures: nausea/vomiting as signs of entrapment. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;129:43-47.

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12.  Cope MR, Moos KF, Speculand B. Does diplopia persist after blow-out fractures of the orbital floor in children? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999;37:46-51.

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13.  Magarakis M, Mundinger GS, Kelamis JA, et al. Ocular injury, visual impairment, and blindness associated with facial fractures: a systematic literature review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;129:227-233.

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14.  Ilankovan V, Hadley D, Moos K, et al. A comparison of imaging techniques with surgical experience in orbital injuries. A prospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1991;19:348-352.

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15.  Cobb AR, Murthy R, Saiet J, et al. The tear-drop sign: a trap door for the unwary? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;46:605-606.

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16.  Shumruck KA, Campbell AC. Management of the orbital rim and floor in zygoma and midface fractures: criteria for selective exploration. Facial Plast Surg. 1998;14:77-81.

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17.  Newlands C, Baggs PR, Kendrick R. Orbital trauma. Antibiotic prophylaxis needs to be given only in certain circumstances. BMJ. 1999;319:516.

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18.  US Food and Drug Administration. FDA drug safety communication: FDA restricts use of prescription codeine pain and cough medicines and tramadol pain medicines in children; recommends against use in breastfeeding women. April 2017. https://www.fda.gov/ (last accessed 16 June 2017).

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19.  European Medicines Agency. Restrictions on use of codeine for pain relief in children - CMDh endorses PRAC recommendation. June 2013. http://www.ema.europa.eu/ (last accessed 16 June 2017).

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20.  Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. Codeine: restricted use as analgesic in children and adolescents after European safety review. Drug Safety Update. 2013;6:S1.

• 全文

21.  Cobb AR. Oral and maxillofacial surgery. In: Fitzgerald O'Connor I, Urdang M, eds. Handbook for surgical cross-cover. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press; 2008:364-365.

22.  Ben Simon GJ, Bush S, Selva D, et al. Orbital cellulitis: a rare complication after orbital blowout fracture. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:2030-2034.

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