支持性治疗
除了支持疗法，麻疹缺乏特异性治疗手段。 可给予解热药缓解发热与瘙痒。[28]Prymula R, Siegrist CA, Chlibek R, et al. Effect of prophylactic paracetamol administration at time of vaccination on febrile reactions and antibody responses in children: two open-label, randomised controlled trials. Lancet. Lancet. 2009 Oct 17;374(9698):1339-50.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19837254?tool=bestpractice.com[29]Chen RT, Clark TA, Halperin SA. The yin and yang of paracetamol and paediatric immunisations. Lancet. 2009 Oct 17;374(9698):1305-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19837236?tool=bestpractice.com 如果有畏光，可将患者安置在暗光环境中。 出现肺炎时给予呼吸支持治疗，发生脑炎时给予神经支持治疗。
维生素A
建议在所有严重麻疹病例中使用维生素 A，即使是在麻疹通常并不严重的国家中。[30]World Health Organization. Weekly epidemiological record: measles and vitamin A. August 2009 [internet publication].http://www.who.int/wer/2009/wer8435.pdf#page=3 一项 Cochrane 评价显示，维生素 A 补剂与降低儿童并发症发生率和死亡率之间存在具有临床意义的关联，但未显示出维生素 A 补剂与降低麻疹并发症发生率和死亡率存在特定关联。[31]Imdad A, Mayo-Wilson E, Herzer K, et al. Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Mar 11;3:CD008524.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD008524.pub3/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28282701?tool=bestpractice.com 一些研究表明，高剂量的维生素 A 可以降低麻疹患儿的并发症发生率和死亡率。[32]Hussey GD, Klein M. A randomized, controlled trial of vitamin A in children with severe measles. N Engl J Med. 1990 Jul 19;323(3):160-4.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2194128?tool=bestpractice.com [ 
]What are the effects of vitamin A for treating children with measles?https://cochranelibrary.com/cca/doi/10.1002/cca.105/full显示答案
考虑用维生素A的儿童：[17]American Academy of Pediatrics. Measles. In Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, Long SS, eds. Red Book: 2015 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 30th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2015:535-47.[33]Yang HM, Mao M, Wan C. Vitamin A for treating measles in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(4):CD001479.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001479.pub3/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16235283?tool=bestpractice.com
2 岁以内儿童
因麻疹住院
有麻疹并发症
有免疫缺陷
有维生素A缺乏的临床证据
有肠吸收障碍及营养不良
来自近期麻疹死亡率高的地区。
抗病毒药物
诸如利巴韦林和干扰素等药物并非常规用药。利巴韦林可能缩短病程，利巴韦林和干扰素在治疗免疫功能受损患者时可能有帮助。[34]Banks G, Fernandez H. Clinical use of ribavirin in measles: a summarized review. In Smith RA, Knight V, Smith JAD, eds. Clinical applications of ribavirin. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1984:203-9.[35]Ross LA, Kim KS, Mason WH, et al. Successful treatment of disseminated measles in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: consideration of antiviral and passive immunotherapy. Am J Med. 1990 Mar;88(3):313-4.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1689957?tool=bestpractice.com 尚无对照试验。
