痛经的评估

Harel Z. Dysmenorrhea in adolescents and young adults: from pathophysiology to pharmacological treatments and management strategies. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008;9:2661-2672.

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Proctor M, Farquhar C. Diagnosis and management of dysmenorrhoea. BMJ. 2006;332:1134-1138.

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Sundell G, Milsom I, Andersch B. Factors influencing the prevalence and severity of dysmenorrhoea in young women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1990;97:588-594.

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2.  Harel Z. Dysmenorrhea in adolescents and young adults: from pathophysiology to pharmacological treatments and management strategies. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008;9:2661-2672.

• 摘要

3.  Proctor M, Farquhar C. Diagnosis and management of dysmenorrhoea. BMJ. 2006;332:1134-1138.

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4.  Zondervan KT, Yudkin PL, Vessey MP, et al. The prevalence of chronic pelvic pain in women in the United Kingdom: a systematic review. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1998;105:93-99.

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5.  Andersch B, Milsom I. An epidemiologic study of young women with dysmenorrhea. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982;144:655-660.

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7.  Sundell G, Milsom I, Andersch B. Factors influencing the prevalence and severity of dysmenorrhoea in young women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1990;97:588-594.

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8.  Iacovides S, Avidon I, Baker FC. What we know about primary dysmenorrhea today: a critical review. Hum Reprod Update. 2015;21:762-778.

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12.  Dawood MY. Primary dysmenorrhea: advances in pathogenesis and management. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;108:428-441.

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13.  Lumsden MA, Kelly RW, Baird DT. Primary dysmenorrhoea: the importance of both prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1983;90:1135-1140.

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14.  Chan WY, Dawood MY, Fuchs F. Relief of dysmenorrhea with the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor ibuprofen: effect on prostaglandin levels in menstrual fluid. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1979;135:102-108.

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15.  Eden JA. Dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome. In: Hacker NF, Moore JG, eds. Essentials of obstetrics and gynecology. 3rd edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1998.

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17.  Akerlund M, Stromberg P, Forsling ML. Primary dysmenorrhoea and vasopressin. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1979;86:484-487.

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18.  Liedman R, Hansson SR, Howe D, et al. Endometrial expression of vasopressin, oxytocin and their receptors in patients with primary dysmenorrhoea and healthy volunteers at ovulation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008;137:189-192.

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19.  American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin no. 110: noncontraceptive uses of hormonal contraceptives. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;115:206-218.

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20.  Wu MH, Shoji Y, Chuang PC, et al. Endometriosis: disease pathophysiology and the role of prostaglandins. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2007;9:1-20.

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21.  Fothergill DJ. Common menstrual problems in adolescence. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2010;95:199-203.

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22.  Saad Amer. Endometriosis. Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine. 2008;18:126-133.

23.  Bettendorf B, Shay S, Tu F. Dysmenorrhea: contemporary perspectives. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2008;63:597-603.

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24.  Latthe P, Mignini L, Gray R, et al. Factors predisposing women to chronic pelvic pain: systematic review. BMJ. 2006;332:749-755.

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25.  Braverman PK, Breech L; The Committee on Adolescence. American Academy of Pediatrics: clinical report - gynecologic examination for adolescents in the pediatric office setting. Pediatrics. 2010;126:583-590.

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26.  Chapron C, Dubuisson JB, Pansini V, et al. Routine clinical examination is not sufficient for diagnosing and locating deeply infiltrating endometriosis. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 2002;9:115-119.

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27.  Durain D. Primary dysmenorrhea: assessment and management update. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2004;49:520-528.

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28.  Howard FM. The role of laparoscopy as a diagnostic tool in chronic pelvic pain. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2000;14:467-494.

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