心包积液的评估

Savage DD, Garrison RJ, Brand F, et al. Prevalence and correlates of posterior extra echocardiographic spaces in a free-living population based sample (the Framingham study). Am J Cardio. 1983;51:1207-1212.

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Adler Y, Charron P, Imazio M, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:2921-2964.

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1.  Savage DD, Garrison RJ, Brand F, et al. Prevalence and correlates of posterior extra echocardiographic spaces in a free-living population based sample (the Framingham study). Am J Cardio. 1983;51:1207-1212.

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2.  Little WC, Freeman GL. Pericardial disease. Circulation. 2006;113:1622-1632.

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3.  Sagrista-Sauleda J, Angel J, Permanyer-Miralda G, et al. Long-term follow up of idiopathic chronic pericardial effusion. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:2054-2059.

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4.  Sagrista-Sauleda J, Merce J, Permanyer-Miralda G, et al. Clinical clues to the causes of large pericardial effusions. Am J Med. 2000;109:95-101.

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6.  Pankuweit S, Ristic AD, Sefovic PM, et al. Bacterial pericarditis: diagnosis and management. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2005;5:103-112.

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8.  Adler Y, Charron P, Imazio M, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:2921-2964.

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9.  Tuon FF, Litvoc MN, Lopes MI. Adenosine deaminase and tuberculous pericarditis - a systemic review with meta-analysis. Acta Tropica. 2006;99:67-74.

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10.  Schrank JH Jr, Dooley DP. Purulent pericarditis caused by Candida species: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21:182-187.

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11.  Acquatella H. Echocardiography in Chagas heart disease. Circulation. 2007;115:1124-1131.

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12.  Moder KG, Miller TD, Tazelaar HD. Cardiac involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Mayo Clin Proc. 1999;74:275-284.

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16.  Siqueira-Filho AG, Cunha CL, Tajik AJ, et al. M-Mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic features in cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation. 1981;63:188-196.

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17.  Ladenson PW. Recognition and management of cardiovascular disease related to thyroid dysfunction. Am J Med. 1990;88:638-641.

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18.  Sarjeant JM, Butany J, Cusimano RJ. Cancer of the heart: epidemiology and management of primary tumors and metastases. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2003;3:407-421.

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19.  Retter AS. Pericardial disease in the oncology patient. Heart Dis. 2002;4:387-391.

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20.  Vaitkus PT, Herrmann HC, LeWinter MM. Treatment of malignant pericardial effusion. JAMA. 1994;272:59-64.

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21.  Isselbacher EM, Cigarroa JE, Eagle KA. Cardiac tamponade complicating proximal aortic dissection. Is pericardiocentesis harmful? Circulation. 1994;90:2375-2378.

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22.  Kataoka H. Pericardial and pleural effusions in decompensated chronic heart failure. Am Heart J. 2000;139:918-923.

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23.  Burgess LJ, Reuter H, Taljaard JJ, et al. Role of biochemical tests in the diagnosis of large pericardial effusions. Chest. 2002;121:495-499.

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24.  Weitzman LB, Tinker WP, Kronzon I, et al. The incidence and natural history of pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery - an echocardiographic study. Circulation. 1984;69:506-511.

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25.  Pepi M, Muratori M, Barbier P, et al. Pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery: incidence, site, size, and haemodynamic consequences. Br Heart J. 1997;72:327-331.

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26.  Tsang TS, Barnes ME, Hayes SN, et al. Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of significant pericardial effusions following cardiothoracic surgery and outcomes of echo-guided pericardiocentesis for management: Mayo Clinic experience, 1979-1998. Chest. 1999;116:322-331.

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27.  Tsang TS, Enriquez-Sarano M, Freeman WK, et al. Consecutive 1127 therapeutic echocardiographically guided pericardiocenteses: clinical profile, practice patterns, and outcomes spanning 21 years. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002;77:429-436.

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28.  Tsang TS, Freeman WK, Barnes ME, et al. Rescue echocardiographically guided pericardiocentesis for cardiac perforation complicating catheter-based procedures. The Mayo Clinic experience. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:1345-1350.

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29.  Harris DG, Janson JT, Van Wyk J, et al. Delayed pericardial effusion following stab wounds to the chest. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003;23:473-476.

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30.  Alpert MA, Ravenscraft MD. Pericardial involvement in end-stage renal disease. Am J Med Sci. 2003;325:228-236.

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31.  Shabetai R. Pericardial effusion: haemodynamic spectrum. Heart. 2004;90:255-256.

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34.  Merce J, Sagrista-Sauleda J, Permanyer-Miralda G, et al. Correlation between clinical and Doppler echocardiographic findings in patients with moderate and large pericardial effusion: implications for the diagnosis of cardiac tamponade. Am Heart J. 1999;138:759-764.

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35.  Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Popp RL. Cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion: respiratory variation in transvalvular flow velocities studied by Doppler echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;11:1020-1030.

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36.  Lange RA, Hillis LD. Clinical practice: acute pericarditis. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2195-2202.

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37.  Zayas R, Anguita M, Torres F, et al. Incidence of specific etiology and role of methods for specific etiologic diagnosis of primary acute pericarditis. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:378-382.

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38.  Permanyer-Miralda G, Sagrista-Sauleda J, Soler-Soler J. Primary acute pericardial disease: a prospective series of 231 consecutive patients. Am J Cardiol. 1985;56:623-630.

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39.  Hoit BD. Management of effusive and constrictive pericardial heart disease. Circulation. 2002;105:2939-2942.

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40.  Ben-Horin S, Bank I, Shinfeld A, et al. Diagnostic value of the biochemical composition of pericardial effusions in patients undergoing pericardiocentesis. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99:1294-1297.

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41.  Levy PY, Fournier PE, Charrel R, et al. Molecular analysis of pericardial fluid: a 7-year experience. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:1942-1946.

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42.  Seferovic PM, Ristic AD, Maksimovic R, et al. Diagnostic value of pericardial biopsy: improvement with extensive sampling enabled by pericardioscopy. Circulation. 2003;107:978-983.

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43.  Mayosi BM, Burgess LJ, Doubell AF. Tuberculous pericarditis. Circulation. 2005;112:3608-3616.

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44.  Mayosi BM, Wiysonge CS, Ntsekhe M, et al. Clinical characteristics and initial management of patients with tuberculous pericarditis in the HIV era: the Investigation of the Management of Pericarditis in Africa (IIMPI Africa) registry. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:2.

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