当微生物通过破坏皮肤屏障进入皮肤和皮下组织时,可发生蜂窝织炎。β-溶血性链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌是最常见的蜂窝织炎病原体。[5]Sigurdsson AF, Gudmundsson S. The etiology of bacterial cellulitis as determined by fine-needle aspiration. Scand J Infect Dis. 1989;21(5):537-42.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2587954?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Bernard P, Bedane C, Mounier M, et al. Streptococcal cause of erysipelas and cellulitis in adults. A microbiologic study using a direct immunofluorescence technique. Arch Dermatol. 1989 Jun;125(6):779-82.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2658843?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Eriksson B, Jorup-Ronstrom C, Karkkonen K, et al. Erysipelas: clinical and bacteriologic spectrum and serological aspects. Clin Infect Dis. 1996 Nov;23(5):1091-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8922808?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Lutomski DM, Trott AT, Runyon JM, et al. Microbiology of adult cellulitis. J Fam Pract. 1988 Jan;26(1):45-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3339304?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Leppard BJ, Seal DV, Colman G, et al. The value of bacteriology and serology in the diagnosis of cellulitis and erysipelas. Br J Dermatol. 1985 May;112(5):559-67.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4005155?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Kielhofner MA, Brown B, Dall L. Influence of underlying disease process on the utility of cellulitis needle aspirates. Arch Intern Med. 1988 Nov;148(11):2451-2.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3190376?tool=bestpractice.com[16]Bernard P, Toty L, Mounier M, et al. Early detection of streptococcal group antigens in skin samples by latex particle agglutination. Arch Dermatol. 1987 Apr;123(4):468-70.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3827278?tool=bestpractice.com[17]Sachs MK. The optimum use of needle aspiration in the bacteriologic diagnosis of cellulitis in adults. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Sep;150(9):1907-12.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2203323?tool=bestpractice.com[18]Duvanel T, Auckenthaler R, Rohner P, et al. Quantitative cultures of biopsy specimens from cutaneous cellulitis. Arch Intern Med. 1989 Feb;149(2):293-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2644902?tool=bestpractice.com[19]Howe PM, Fajardo JE, Orcutt MA. Etiologic diagnosis of cellulitis: comparison of aspirates obtained from the leading edge and the point of maximal inflammation. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1987 Jul;6(7):685-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3302921?tool=bestpractice.com[20]Gunderson CG, Martinello RA. A systematic review of bacteremias in cellulitis and erysipelas. J Infect. 2012 Feb;64(2):148-55.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22101078?tool=bestpractice.com[21]Chira S, Miller LG. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common identified cause of cellulitis: a systematic review. Epidemiol Infect. 2010 Mar;138(3):313-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19646308?tool=bestpractice.com 但是,一些其他微生物偶尔也可引起蜂窝织炎。这通常发生于免疫力发生变化的宿主,或由特定病原体暴露引起。这些微生物包括绿脓杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、犬咬二氧化碳嗜纤维菌、创伤弧菌和新型隐球菌。非化脓性蜂窝织炎最常由 β 溶血性链球菌引起。[22]Jeng A, Beheshti M, Li J, et al. The role of beta-hemolytic streptococci in causing diffuse, nonculturable cellulitis: a prospective investigation. Medicine (Baltimore). 2010 Jul;89(4):217-26.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616661?tool=bestpractice.com