与阴道分娩相比,母亲严重急性并发症的发生率会轻度增高(RR 1.29,95% CI 1.03-1.61),[29]Hofmeyr GJ, Hannah M, Lawrie TA. Planned caesarean section for term breech delivery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(7):CD000166.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD000166.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12917886?tool=bestpractice.com包括肺栓塞、[23]Waterstone M, Bewley S, Wolfe C. Incidence and predictors of severe obstetric morbidity: case-control study. BMJ. 2001;322:1089-1093.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11337436?tool=bestpractice.com感染、[47]Yokoe DS, Christiansen CL, Johnson R, et al. Epidemiology of and surveillance for postpartum infections. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:837-841.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11747696?tool=bestpractice.com[48]van Ham MA, van Dongen PW, Mulder J. Maternal consequences of caesarean section. A retrospective study of intra-operative and postoperative maternal complications of caesarean section during a 10-year period. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1997;74:1-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9243191?tool=bestpractice.com 出血、[23]Waterstone M, Bewley S, Wolfe C. Incidence and predictors of severe obstetric morbidity: case-control study. BMJ. 2001;322:1089-1093.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11337436?tool=bestpractice.com[48]van Ham MA, van Dongen PW, Mulder J. Maternal consequences of caesarean section. A retrospective study of intra-operative and postoperative maternal complications of caesarean section during a 10-year period. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1997;74:1-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9243191?tool=bestpractice.com[49]Murphy DJ, Liebling RE, Verity L, et al. Early maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with operative delivery in second stage of labour: a cohort study. Lancet. 2001;358:1203-1207.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11675055?tool=bestpractice.com膀胱和肠道损伤、[50]Lydon-Rochelle MT, Holt VL, Martin DP. Delivery method and self-reported postpartum general health status among primiparous women. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2001;15:232-240.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11489150?tool=bestpractice.com[51]Wilson PD, Herbison RM, Herbison GP. Obstetric practice and the prevalence of urinary incontinence three months after delivery. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1996;103:154-161.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8616133?tool=bestpractice.com[52]Persson J, Wolner-Hanssen P, Rydhstroem H. Obstetric risk factors for stress urinary incontinence: a population-based study. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;96:440-445.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10960639?tool=bestpractice.com[53]MacLennan AH, Taylor AW, Wilson DH, et al. The prevalence of pelvic disorders and their relationship to gender, age, parity and mode of delivery. BJOG. 2000;170:1460-1470.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11192101?tool=bestpractice.com产后恢复减慢、[54]Lydon-Rochelle M, Holt VL, Martin DP, et al. Association between method of delivery and maternal rehospitalisation. JAMA. 2000;283:2411-2416.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10815084?tool=bestpractice.com[55]Thompson JF, Roberts CL, Currie M, et al. Prevalence and persistence of health problems after childbirth: associations with parity and method of birth. Birth. 2002;29:83-94.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12051189?tool=bestpractice.com住院时间延长[56]Laws PJ, Abeywardana S, Walker J, et al. Australia's mothers and babies 2005. Sydney: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2007. AIHW Cat No. PER 40; Perinatal statistics series No. 20.以及母儿接触和哺乳延迟。[57]Mutryn CS. Psychosocial impact of cesarean section on the family: a literature review. Soc Sci Med. 1993;37:1271-1281.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8272905?tool=bestpractice.com[58]DiMatteo MR, Morton SC, Lepper HS, et al. Cesarean childbirth and psychosocial outcomes: a meta-analysis. Health Psychol. 1996;15:303-314.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8818678?tool=bestpractice.com 长期风险包括对未来生产的潜在影响、[59]Greene R, Gardeit F, Turner MJ. Long-term implications of cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176:254-255.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9024123?tool=bestpractice.com[60]Coughlan C, Kearney R, Turner MJ. What are the implications for the next delivery in primigravidae who have an elective caesarean section for breech presentation? BJOG. 2002;109:624-626.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12118638?tool=bestpractice.com[61]Hemminki E, Merilainen J. Long-term effects of cesarean sections: ectopic pregnancies and placental problems. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;174:1569-1574.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9065131?tool=bestpractice.com[62]Gilliam M, Rosenberg D, Davis F. The likelihood of placenta previa with greater number of cesarean deliveries and higher parity. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;99:976-980.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12052584?tool=bestpractice.com 再次剖宫产风险增加、[60]Coughlan C, Kearney R, Turner MJ. What are the implications for the next delivery in primigravidae who have an elective caesarean section for breech presentation? BJOG. 2002;109:624-626.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12118638?tool=bestpractice.com不孕、[61]Hemminki E, Merilainen J. Long-term effects of cesarean sections: ectopic pregnancies and placental problems. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;174:1569-1574.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9065131?tool=bestpractice.com子宫破裂、[61]Hemminki E, Merilainen J. Long-term effects of cesarean sections: ectopic pregnancies and placental problems. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;174:1569-1574.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9065131?tool=bestpractice.com胎盘植入、[60]Coughlan C, Kearney R, Turner MJ. What are the implications for the next delivery in primigravidae who have an elective caesarean section for breech presentation? BJOG. 2002;109:624-626.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12118638?tool=bestpractice.com[62]Gilliam M, Rosenberg D, Davis F. The likelihood of placenta previa with greater number of cesarean deliveries and higher parity. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;99:976-980.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12052584?tool=bestpractice.com胎盘早剥[61]Hemminki E, Merilainen J. Long-term effects of cesarean sections: ectopic pregnancies and placental problems. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;174:1569-1574.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9065131?tool=bestpractice.com及急诊子宫切除术。[59]Greene R, Gardeit F, Turner MJ. Long-term implications of cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176:254-255.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9024123?tool=bestpractice.com 相比于择期剖宫产,急诊剖宫产使以下风险增加:严重产科并发症发病率,术中及术后并发症,感染,失血>1500mL,发热,疼痛,疲乏和母乳喂养问题。[23]Waterstone M, Bewley S, Wolfe C. Incidence and predictors of severe obstetric morbidity: case-control study. BMJ. 2001;322:1089-1093.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11337436?tool=bestpractice.com[47]Yokoe DS, Christiansen CL, Johnson R, et al. Epidemiology of and surveillance for postpartum infections. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:837-841.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11747696?tool=bestpractice.com[49]Murphy DJ, Liebling RE, Verity L, et al. Early maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with operative delivery in second stage of labour: a cohort study. Lancet. 2001;358:1203-1207.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11675055?tool=bestpractice.com[68]Cockburn J, Foong C, Cockburn P. Undiagnosed breech. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1994;101:648-649.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8043554?tool=bestpractice.com[80]Brown S, Lumley J. Maternal health after childbirth: results of an Australian population based survey. BJOG. 1998;105:156-161.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9501779?tool=bestpractice.com
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