通常在妊娠 24 到 28 周时筛查发现妊娠期糖尿病。妊娠可能由于确诊的 1 型或 2 型糖尿病而复杂化。危险因素包括高龄产妇(>40 岁)、[32]Solomon CG, Willett WC, Carey VJ, et al. A prospective study of pregravid determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 1997;278:1078-1083.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9315766?tool=bestpractice.com多囊卵巢综合征、[33]Lo JC, Feigenbaum SL, Escobar GJ, et al. Increased prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among women with diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome: a population-based study. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1915-1917.http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/29/8/1915.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873802?tool=bestpractice.com[34]Norman RJ, Dewailly D, Legro RS, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet. 2007;370:685-697.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17720020?tool=bestpractice.com非白人血统、[32]Solomon CG, Willett WC, Carey VJ, et al. A prospective study of pregravid determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 1997;278:1078-1083.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9315766?tool=bestpractice.com[35]Willi C, Bodenmann P, Ghali WA, et al. Active smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2007;298:2654-2664.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18073361?tool=bestpractice.com[36]Cossrow N, Falkner B. Race/ethnic issues in obesity and obesity-related comorbidities. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:2590-2594.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15181028?tool=bestpractice.com2 型糖尿病家族史、[32]Solomon CG, Willett WC, Carey VJ, et al. A prospective study of pregravid determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 1997;278:1078-1083.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9315766?tool=bestpractice.com低纤维和高血糖指数饮食、[37]Montonen J, Knekt P, Järvinen R, et al. Whole-grain and fiber intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:622-629.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12600852?tool=bestpractice.com[38]Zhang C, Liu S, Solomon CG, et al. Dietary fiber intake, dietary glycemic load, and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:2223-2230.http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/29/10/2223.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17003297?tool=bestpractice.com青年时期体重升高、[32]Solomon CG, Willett WC, Carey VJ, et al. A prospective study of pregravid determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 1997;278:1078-1083.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9315766?tool=bestpractice.com缺乏锻炼、[39]Weissgerber TL, Wolfe LA, Davies GA, et al. Exercise in the prevention and treatment of maternal-fetal disease: a review of the literature. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2006;31:661-674.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17213880?tool=bestpractice.com[40]Zhang C, Solomon CG, Manson JE, et al. A prospective study of pregravid physical activity and sedentary behaviors in relation to the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:543-548.http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/409910http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16534041?tool=bestpractice.com以及既往妊娠期糖尿病。[41]Kim C, Berger DK, Chamany S. Recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:1314-1319.http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/30/5/1314.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17290037?tool=bestpractice.com后遗症包括巨大儿、剖宫产、产伤和新生儿低血糖或红细胞增多。