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Callaghan TM, Wilhelm KP. A review of ageing and an examination of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin. Part 2: clinical perspectives and clinical methods in the evaluation of ageing skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008;30:323-332.

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Bhawan J, Andersen W, Lee J, et al. Photoaging versus intrinsic aging: a morphologic assessment of facial skin. J Cutan Pathol. 1995;22:154-159.

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Ogden S, Griffiths TW. A review of minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159:1036-1050.

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Klein AW. Techniques for soft tissue augmentation: an 'A to Z'. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2006;7:107-120.

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Papadavid E, Katsambas A. Lasers for facial rejuvenation: a review. Int J Dermatol. 2003;42:480-487.

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4.  Alexiades-Armenakas M. Rhytides, laxity, and photoaging treated with a combination of radiofrequency, diode laser, and pulsed light and assessed with a comprehensive grading scale. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006;5:731-738.

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5.  Callaghan TM, Wilhelm KP. A review of ageing and an examination of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin. Part 2: clinical perspectives and clinical methods in the evaluation of ageing skin. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008;30:323-332.

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25.  Callaghan TM, Wilhelm KP. A review of ageing and an examination of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin. Part 1: Cellular and molecular perspectives of skin ageing. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008;30:313-322.

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26.  Knuutinen A, Kokkonen N, Risteli J, et al. Smoking affects collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix turnover in human skin. Br J Dermatol. 2002;146:588-594.

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27.  Raitio A, Tuomas H, Kokkonen N, et al. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9 and -8 in the skin, serum and saliva of smokers and non-smokers. Arch Dermatol Res. 2005;297:242-248.

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31.  Landau M. Exogenous factors in skin aging. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2007;35:1-13.

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36.  Lemperle G, Holmes RE, Cohen SR, et al. A classification of facial wrinkles. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;108:1735-1750; discussion 1751-1752.

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37.  Alexiades-Armenakas M. A quantitative and comprehensive grading scale for rhytides, laxity, and photoaging. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006;5:808-809.

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39.  Bukvic Mokos Z, Lipozencic J, Pasic A, et al. Laser therapy for solar lentigines: review of the literature and case report. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2006;14:81-85.

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40.  Lavker RM. Cutaneous aging: chronologic versus photoaging. In: Gilchrest BA, ed. Photodamage. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Science; 1995:123-135.

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42.  Sauermann K, Clemann S, Jaspers S, et al. Age related changes of human skin investigated with histometric measurements by confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo. Skin Res Technol. 2002;8:52-56.

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43.  Gonzalez S, Swindells K, Rajadhyaksha M, et al. Changing paradigms in dermatology: confocal microscopy in clinical and surgical dermatology. Clin Dermatol. 2003;21:359-369.

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44.  English JS, Swerdlow AJ. The risk of malignant melanoma, internal malignancy and mortality in xeroderma pigmentosum patients. Br J Dermatol. 1987;117:457-461.

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45.  Kligman AM, Grove GL, Hirose R, et al. Topical tretinoin for photoaged skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;15:836-859.

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46.  Kligman AM, Graham CF. Histological changes in facial skin after daily application of tretinoin for 5-6 years. J Dermatol Treat. 1993;4:113-117.

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48.  Olsen EA, Kats HI, Levine N, et al. Tretinoin emollient cream: a new therapy for photodamaged skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;26:215-224.

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49.  Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A. Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2005;4:130-134.

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50.  Maddin S, Lauharanta J, Agache P, et al. Isotretinoin improves the appearance of photoaged skin: results of a 36-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;42:56-63.

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51.  Creidi P, Vienne MP, Ochonisky S, et al. Profilometric evaluation of photodamage after topical retinaldehyde and retinoic acid treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;39:960-965.

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52.  Phillips TJ, Gottlieb AB, Leyden JJ, et al. Efficacy of 0.1% tazarotene cream for the treatment of photodamage: a 12-month multicenter, randomized trial. Arch Dermatol. 2002;138:1486-1493.

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53.  Kang S, Goldfarb MT, Weiss J, et al. Assessment of adapalene gel for the treatment of actinic keratoses and lentigines: a randomized trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49:83-90.

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54.  Bernstein EF, Lee J, Brown DB, et al. Glycolic acid treatment increases type I collagen mRNA and hyaluronic acid content of human skin. Dermatol Surg. 2001;27:429-433.

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55.  Kligman D, Kligman AM. Salicylic acid peels for the treatment of photoaging. Dermatol Surg. 1998;24:325-328.

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56.  De Boulle KL. Botulinum neurotoxin type A in facial aesthetics. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007;8:1059-1072.

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57.  Klein AW, Carruthers A, Fagien S, et al. Comparisons among botulinum toxins: an evidence-based review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121:413e-422e.

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58.  Carruthers JA, Lowe NJ, Menter MA, et al. A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of glabellar lines. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46:840-849.

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59.  Shetty MK; IADVL Dermatosurgery Task Force. Guidelines on the use of botulinum toxin type A. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2008;74 Suppl:S13-S22.

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60.  Lowe NJ, Yamauchi PS. Cosmetic uses of botulinum toxins for lower aspects of the face and neck. Clin Dermatol. 2004;22:18-22.

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61.  Matarasso A, Shafer D. Botulinum neurotoxin type A-ABO (Dysport): clinical indications and practice guide. Aesthet Surg J. 2009;29(6 Suppl):S72-S79.

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62.  Pena MA, Alam M, Yoo SS. Complications with the use of botulinum toxin type A for cosmetic applications and hyperhidrosis. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2007;26:29-33.

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63.  Flynn TC. Botulinum toxin: examining duration of effect in facial aesthetic applications. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2010;11:183-199.

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64.  Ogden S, Griffiths TW. A review of minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159:1036-1050.

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67.  Berardesca E, Cameli N, Primavera G, et al. Clinical and instrumental evaluation of skin improvement after treatment with a new 50% pyruvic acid peel. Dermatol Surg. 2006;32:526-531.

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68.  Hetter GP. An examination of the phenol-croton oil peel: part IV. Face peel results with different concentrations of phenol and croton oil. Plat Reconstr Surg. 2000;105:1061-1083.

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70.  Vedamurthy M; IADVL Dematosurgery Task Force. Standard guidelines for the use of dermal fillers. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2008;74 Suppl:S23-S27.

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71.  Lowe NJ, Maxwell CA, Lowe P, et al. Hyaluronic acid skin fillers: adverse reactions and skin testing. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;45:930-933.

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72.  Monheit GD, Coleman KM. Hyaluronic acid fillers. Dermatol Ther. 2006;19:141-150.

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73.  Gold MH. Use of hyaluronic acid fillers for the treatment of the aging face. Clin Interv Aging. 2007;2:369-376.

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74.  Brown SA, Rohrich RJ, Baumann L, et al. Subject global evaluation and subject satisfaction using injectable poly-L-lactic acid versus human collagen for the correction of nasolabial fold wrinkles. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;127:1684-1692.

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75.  Brandt FS, Cazzaniga A, Baumann L, et al. Investigator global evaluations of efficacy of injectable poly-L-lactic acid versus human collagen in the correction of nasolabial fold wrinkles. Aesthet Surg J. 2011;31:521-528.

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76.  Woerle B, Hanke CW, Sattler G. Poly-L-lactic acid: a temporary filler for soft tissue augmentation. J Drugs Dermatol. 2004;3:385-389.

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77.  Narins RS, Baumann L, Brandt FS, et al. A randomized study of the efficacy and safety of injectable poly-L-lactic acid versus human-based collagen implant in the treatment of nasolabial fold wrinkles. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;62:448-462.

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78.  Klein AW. Techniques for soft tissue augmentation: an 'A to Z'. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2006;7:107-120.

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79.  Klein AW. Soft tissue augmentation 2006: filler fantasy. Dermatol Ther. 2006;19:129-133.

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80.  Kanchwala SK, Holloway L, Bucky LP. Reliable soft tissue augmentation: a clinical comparison of injectable soft-tissue fillers for facial-volume augmentation. Ann Plast Surg. 2005;55:30-35.

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81.  Jansen DA, Graivier MH. Evaluation of a calcium hydroxylapatite-based implant (Radiesse) for facial soft-tissue augmentation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;118:22S-30S.

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82.  Tzikas TL. A 52-month summary of results using calcium hydroxylapatite for facial soft tissue augmentation. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34:S9-S15.

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83.  Fakhre GP, Perdikis G, Shaddix KK, et al. An evaluation of calcium hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) for cosmetic nasolabial fold correction: a meta-analysis and patient centric outcomes study. Ann Plast Surg. 2009;63:486-489.

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84.  Baker TJ, Gordon HL. Chemical face peeling and dermabrasion. Surg Clin North Am. 1971;51:387-401.

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85.  Perotti JA. Cutaneous resurfacing: chemical peeling, dermabrasion, and laser resurfacing. In: Grabb and Smith's plastic surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007:459-467.

86.  Spencer JM. Microdermabrasion. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6:89-92.

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87.  Tan MH, Spencer JM, Pires LM, et al. The evaluation of aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion for photodamage. Dermatol Surg. 2001;27:943-949.

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88.  Groff WF, Fitzpatrick RE, Uebelhoer NS. Fractional carbon dioxide and plasmakinetic skin resurfacing. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2008;27:239-251.

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89.  Rinaldi F. Laser: a review. Clin Dermatol. 2008;26:590-601.

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93.  Alster TS, Lupton JR. Erbium:YAG laser resurfacing. Dermatol Clin. 2001;19:453-466.

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94.  Papadavid E, Katsambas A. Lasers for facial rejuvenation: a review. Int J Dermatol. 2003;42:480-487.

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95.  Pessa JE. An algorithm of facial aging: verification of Lambros's theory by three-dimensional stereolithography, with reference to the pathogenesis of midfacial aging, scleral show, and the lateral suborbital trough deformity. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;106:479-488.

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96.  Coleman S. Structural fat grafting. St Louis, MO: Quality Medical Publishing; 2004.

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99.  Bucky LP, Kanchwala SK. The role of autologous fat and alternative fillers in the aging face. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;120(6 suppl):89S-97S.

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100.  Glasgold RA, Lam SM, Glasgold MJ. Facial fat grafting: the new paradigm. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2008;10:417-418.

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103.  Matarasso A, Hutchinson OH. Evaluating rejuvenation of the forehead and brow: an algorithm for selecting the appropriate technique. Plast Recontr Surg. 2000;106:687-694.

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104.  Shin MK, Lee JH, Lee SJ, et al. Platelet-rich plasma combined with fractional laser therapy for skin rejuvenation. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38:623-630.

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105.  Hui Q, Chang P, Guo B, et al. The clinical efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with ultra-pulsed fractional CO2 laser therapy for facial rejuvenation. Rejuvenation Res. 2016 Jun 23 [Epub ahead of print].

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106.  Smith SR, Munavalli G, Weiss R, et al. A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of autologous fibroblast therapy for the treatment of nasolabial fold wrinkles. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38:1234-1243.

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107.  Stirling RJ, Haslam JD. A self-reported clinical trial investigates the efficacy of 1072 nm light as an anti-ageing agent. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2007;9:226-230.

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