临床综合征的治疗
VIP 瘤(胰腺和胰外)的治疗最初为临床综合征的治疗。 需要静脉输液纠正脱水和电解质(例如,氯化钾、硫酸镁、磷)紊乱,并给予生长抑素类似物,以减少血管活性肠肽 (VIP) 的分泌。[18]Modlin IM, Pavel M, Kidd M, et al. Review article: somatostatin analogues in the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumours. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Jan 15;31(2):169-88.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04174.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19845567?tool=bestpractice.com 60%~80% 的患者对该治疗有临床反应(腹泻改善),小部分患者肿瘤缩小。[19]Oberg K. Chemotherapy and biotherapy in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours. Ann Oncol. 2001;12 Suppl 2:S111-4.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11762335?tool=bestpractice.com[20]Maton PN, Gardner JD, Jensen RT. Use of long-acting somatostatin analog SMS 201-995 in patients with pancreatic islet cell tumors. Dig Dis Sci. 1989;34(3 suppl):28-39S.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2537716?tool=bestpractice.com治疗疗效:有中等证据表明,生长抑素类似物可帮助控制症状。[19]Oberg K. Chemotherapy and biotherapy in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours. Ann Oncol. 2001;12 Suppl 2:S111-4.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11762335?tool=bestpractice.com[20]Maton PN, Gardner JD, Jensen RT. Use of long-acting somatostatin analog SMS 201-995 in patients with pancreatic islet cell tumors. Dig Dis Sci. 1989;34(3 suppl):28-39S.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2537716?tool=bestpractice.com受试者<200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)、受试者>200名且方法学存在缺陷的随机对照临床试验(RCT)、方法学存在缺陷的系统评价或者高质量的观察性(队列)研究。
需要长期使用生长抑素类似物[18]Modlin IM, Pavel M, Kidd M, et al. Review article: somatostatin analogues in the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumours. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Jan 15;31(2):169-88.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04174.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19845567?tool=bestpractice.com 以及增加口服液体和电解质补充剂。[21]Delaunoit T, Neczyporenko F, Rubin J, et al. Medical management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Feb;103(2):475-83.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18028508?tool=bestpractice.com 生长抑素类似物可导致胆汁淤积,这些患者可进行胆囊切除术。
对于药物和手术治疗后仍有持续、难治性症状的患者,可使用干扰素 α 或皮质类固醇短期控制症状。[22]Nguyen HN, Backes B, Lammert F, et al. Long-term survival after diagnosis of hepatic metastatic VIPoma: report of two cases with disparate courses and review of therapeutic options. Dig Dis Sci. 1999 Jun;44(6):1148-55.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10389687?tool=bestpractice.com