吡美莫司
局部钙调磷酸酶抑制剂吡美莫司,已经成为治疗酒渣鼻的红斑和类固醇性酒渣鼻的一项选择。[58]Lee DH, Li K, Suh DH. Pimecrolimus 1% cream for the treatment of steroid-induced rosacea: an 8-week split-face clinical trial. Br J Dermatol. 2008 May;158(5):1069-76.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18363758?tool=bestpractice.com[59]Koca R, Altinyazar HC, Ankarali H, et al. A comparison of metronidazole 1% cream and pimecrolimus 1% cream in the treatment of patients with papulopustular rosacea: a randomized open-label clinical trial. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2010 Apr;35(3):251-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19594764?tool=bestpractice.com[60]Karabulut AA, Izol Serel B, Eksioglu HM. A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, split-face study with pimecrolimus cream 1% for papulopustular rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008 Jun;22(6):729-34.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18328059?tool=bestpractice.com[61]Chu CY. An open-label pilot study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topically applied pimecrolimus cream for the treatment of steroid-induced rosacea-like eruption. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007 Apr;21(4):484-90.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17373975?tool=bestpractice.com 不过,值得注意的是,吡美莫司还没有被证明对治疗皮疹脓疱型酒渣鼻有效,[62]Weissenbacher S, Merkl J, Hildebrandt B, et al. Pimecrolimus cream 1% for papulopustular rosacea: a randomized vehicle-controlled double-blind trial. Br J Dermatol. 2007 Apr;156(4):728-32.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17493072?tool=bestpractice.com 并且它也没有被证明优于更常用的局部甲硝唑的疗效,并且甲硝唑更经济实惠。[59]Koca R, Altinyazar HC, Ankarali H, et al. A comparison of metronidazole 1% cream and pimecrolimus 1% cream in the treatment of patients with papulopustular rosacea: a randomized open-label clinical trial. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2010 Apr;35(3):251-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19594764?tool=bestpractice.com 不过,它现在可以被添加到一系列的治疗方案中,对那些只有轻度红斑和潮红以及已经证明对其他疗法(如局部使用甲硝唑或壬二酸)无效的患者,它可以作为治疗类固醇性酒渣鼻的替代疗法。
硫酸锌
口服硫酸锌已被证明是能有效治疗酒渣鼻,并且其重要的副作用可以忽略不计。[63]Sharquie KE, Najim RA, Al-Salman HN. Oral zinc sulfate in the treatment of rosacea: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Dermatol. 2006 Jul;45(7):857-61.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16863527?tool=bestpractice.com 然而,在最近的另一项研究中发现它并不比安慰剂更有效。[64]Bamford JT, Gessert CE, Haller IV, et al. Randomized, double-blind trial of 220 mg zinc sulfate twice daily in the treatment of rosacea. Int J Dermatol. 2012 Apr;51(4):459-62.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22435439?tool=bestpractice.com
壬二酰二甘氨酸钾和羟丙基脱乙酰壳多糖
以壬二酰二甘氨酸钾和羟丙基壳聚糖为主要成分的面霜,基于它的保湿和抗炎作用,被证明可以很好地控制红斑痤疮的症状和体征。然而,值得注意的是,尽管这一发现是基于对照、随机、安慰剂平行的组织研究,但治疗和安慰剂的人数不多,结果还有待证实。[65]Berardesca E, Iorizzo M, Abril E, et al. Clinical and instrumental assessment of the effects of a new product based on hydroxypropyl chitosan and potassium azeloyl diglycinate in the management of rosacea. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2012 Mar;11(1):37-41.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00598.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22360333?tool=bestpractice.com
克林霉素和维甲酸凝胶
在联合使用克林霉素和维 A 酸凝胶的试验性研究中发现,治疗组红斑毛细血管扩张得到改善,但对皮疹疱疹型酒渣鼻疗效不理想。[66]Chang AL, Alora-Palli M, Lima XT, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of clindamycin 1.2% and tretinoin 0.025% combination gel for the treatment of acne rosacea over 12 weeks. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012 Mar;11(3):333-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22395584?tool=bestpractice.com 其他局部药物使用失败时,可考虑这种方法。
扑灭司林
一项小型随机对照临床试验比较了 5% 的氯菊酯凝胶与安慰剂用于治疗双侧皮疹疹脓疱型酒渣鼻患者(亚型 2),研究结果显示患者的症状得到改善且蠕形螨分布密度降低。[67]Raoufinejad K, Mansouri P, Rajabi M, et al. Efficacy and safety of permethrin 5% topical gel vs. placebo for rosacea: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016 Dec;30(12):2105-17.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27600257?tool=bestpractice.com 目前还需进行其他研究,以进一步评估此情况下氯菊酯的疗效和安全性。