玫瑰痤疮

Wilkin J, Dahl M, Detmar M, et al. Standard classification of rosacea: report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002 Apr;46(4):584-7.

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Gupta AK, Chaudhry MM. Rosacea and its management: an overview. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005 May;19(3):273-85.

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Powell FC. Clinical practice. Rosacea. New Engl J Med. 2005 Feb 24;352(8):793-803.

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Elewski BE, Draelos Z, Dréno B, et al. Rosacea - global diversity and optimized outcome: proposed international consensus from the Rosacea International Expert Group. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011 Feb;25(2):188-200.

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van Zuuren EJ, Fedorowicz Z, Carter B, et al. Interventions for rosacea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Apr 28;(4):CD003262.

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1.  Wilkin J, Dahl M, Detmar M, et al. Standard classification of rosacea: report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002 Apr;46(4):584-7.

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2.  Donshik PC, Hoss DM, Ehlers WH. Inflammatory and papulosquamous disorders of the skin and eye. Dermatol Clin. 1992 Jul;10(3):533-47.

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3.  Drolet B, Paller AS. Childhood rosacea. Pediatr Dermatol. 1992 Mar;9(1):22-6.

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4.  Gupta AK, Chaudhry MM. Rosacea and its management: an overview. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005 May;19(3):273-85.

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5.  Powell FC. Clinical practice. Rosacea. New Engl J Med. 2005 Feb 24;352(8):793-803.

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6.  Two AM, Wu W, Gallo RL, et al. Rosacea: part I. Introduction, categorization, histology, pathogenesis, and risk factors. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 May;72(5):749-58.

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7.  Elewski BE, Draelos Z, Dréno B, et al. Rosacea - global diversity and optimized outcome: proposed international consensus from the Rosacea International Expert Group. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011 Feb;25(2):188-200.

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8.  Yamasaki K, Di Nardo A, Bardan A, et al. Increased serine protease activity and cathelicidin promotes skin inflammation in rosacea. Nat Med. 2007 Aug;13(8):975-80.

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9.  Aroni K, Tsagroni E, Kavantzas N, et al. A study of the pathogenesis of rosacea: how angiogenesis and mast cells may participate in a complex multifactorial process. Arch Dermatol Res. 2008 Mar;300(3):125-31.

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10.  Abokwidir M, Fleischer AB Jr. Additional evidence that rosacea pathogenesis may involve demodex: new information from the topical efficacy of ivermectin and praziquantel. Dermatol Online J. 2015 Sep 17;21(9):13030/qt13v249f5.

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11.  Parodi A, Paolino S, Greco A, et al. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in rosacea: clinical effectiveness of its eradication. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Jul;6(7):759-64.

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12.  Jansen T, Plewig G, Kligman AM. Diagnosis and treatment of rosacea fulminans. Dermatology. 1994;188(4):251-4.

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13.  Segarra-Newnham M, Karimi S. Overview of the pharmacologic options for rosacea. J Pharm Technol. 2009 Nov;25(6):368-73.

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14.  van Zuuren EJ, Fedorowicz Z, Carter B, et al. Interventions for rosacea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Apr 28;(4):CD003262.

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15.  Schaller M, Almeida LM, Bewley A, et al. Rosacea treatment update: recommendations from the global ROSacea COnsensus (ROSCO) panel. Br J Dermatol. 2017 Feb;176(2):465-71.

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16.  Di Nardo A, Holmes AD, Muto Y, et al. Improved clinical outcome and biomarkers in adults with papulopustular rosacea treated with doxycycline modified-release capsules in a randomized trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016 Jun;74(6):1086-92.

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17.  Del Rosso JQ, Bruce S, Jarratt M, et al. Efficacy of topical azelaic acid (AzA) gel 15% plus oral doxycycline 40 mg versus metronidazole gel 1% plus oral doxycycline 40 mg in mild-to-moderate papulopustular rosacea. J Drugs Dermatol. 2010 Jun;9(6):607-13.

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18.  McKeage K, Deeks ED. Doxycycline 40 mg capsules (30 mg immediate-release/10 mg delayed-release beads): anti-inflammatory dose in rosacea. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2010;11(3):217-22.

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19.  van Zuuren EJ, Gupta AK, Gover MD, et al. Systematic review of rosacea treatments. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007 Jan;56(1):107-15.

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20.  Nielsen PG. Treatment of rosacea with 1% metronidazole cream. A double-blind study. Br J Dermatol. 1983 Mar;108(3):327-32.

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21.  Jorizzo JL, Lebwohl M, Tobey RE. The efficacy of metronidazole 1% cream once daily compared with metronidazole 1% cream twice daily and their vehicles in rosacea: a double-blind clinical trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998 Sep;39(3):502-4.

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22.  Dahl MV, Katz HI, Krueger GG, et al. Topical metronidazole maintains remissions of rosacea. Arch Dermatol. 1998 Jun;134(6):679-83.

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23.  Fowler JF Jr. Combined effect of anti-inflammatory dose doxycycline (40-mg doxycycline, usp monohydrate controlled-release capsules) and metronidazole topical gel 1% in the treatment of rosacea. J Drugs Dermatol. 2007 Jun;6(6):641-5.

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24.  Wolf JE Jr, Del Rosso JQ. The CLEAR trial: results of a large community-based study of metronidazole gel in rosacea. Cutis. 2007 Jan;79(1):73-80.

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25.  Solomon JA, Tyring S, Staedtler G, et al. Investigator-reported efficacy of azelaic acid foam 15% in patients with papulopustular rosacea: secondary efficacy outcomes from a randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Cutis. 2016 Sep;98(3):187-94.

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26.  Thiboutot DM, Fleischer AB, Del Rosso JQ, et al. A multicenter study of topical azelaic acid 15% gel in combination with oral doxycycline as initial therapy and azelaic acid 15% gel as maintenance monotherapy. J Drugs Dermatol. 2009 Jul;8(7):639-48.

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27.  Thiboutot DM, Fleischer AB Jr, Del Rosso JQ, et al. Azelaic acid 15% gel once daily versus twice daily in papulopustular rosacea. J Drugs Dermatol. 2008 Jun;7(6):541-6.

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28.  Sneddon IB. A clinical trial of tetracycline in rosacea. Br J Dermatol. 1966 Dec;78(12):649-52.

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29.  Sauer GC. Safety of long-term tetracycline therapy for acne. Arch Dermatol. 1976 Nov;112(11):1603-5.

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30.  Weston WL, Morelli JG. Steroid rosacea in prepubertal children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000 Jan;154(1):62-4.

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31.  Conde JF, Yelverton CB, Balkrishnan R, et al. Managing rosacea: a review of the use of metronidazole alone and in combination with oral antibiotics. J Drugs Dermatol. 2007 May;6(5):495-8.

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32.  Mostafa FF, El Harras MA, Gomaa SM, et al. Comparative study of some treatment modalities of rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009 Jan;23(1):22-8.

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33.  Akhyani M, Ehsani AH, Ghiasi M, et al. Comparison of efficacy of azithromycin vs. doxycycline in the treatment of rosacea: a randomized open clinical trial. Int J Dermatol. 2008 Mar;47(3):284-8.

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34.  Layton AM, Schaller M, Homey B, et al. Brimonidine gel 0.33% rapidly improves patient-reported outcomes by controlling facial erythema of rosacea: a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Dec;29(12):2405-10.

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35.  Colón LE, Johnson LA, Gottschalk RW. Cumulative irritation potential among metronidazole gel 1%, metronidazole gel 0.75%, and azelaic acid gel 15%. Cutis. 2007 Apr;79(4):317-21.

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36.  Taieb A, Khemis A, Ruzicka T, et al; Ivermectin Phase III Study Group. Maintenance of remission following successful treatment of papulopustular rosacea with ivermectin 1% cream vs. metronidazole 0.75% cream: 36-week extension of the ATTRACT randomized study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016 May;30(5):829-36.

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37.  Siddiqui K, Stein Gold L, Gill J. The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ivermectin compared with current topical treatments for the inflammatory lesions of rosacea: a network meta-analysis. Springerplus. 2016 Jul 22;5(1):1151.

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38.  Berth-Jones J, Clark SM, Henderson CA. Rosacea and perioral dermatitis. In: Lebwohl MG, Heymann WR, Berth-Jones J, et al, eds. Treatment of skin disease. Edinburgh: Mosby; 2002:561-7.

39.  Krupashankar DS; IADVL Dermatosurgery Task Force. Standard guidelines of care: CO2 laser for removal of benign skin lesions and resurfacing. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2008 Jan;74 Suppl:S61-7.

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40.  Metelitsa AI, Alster TS. Fractionated laser skin resurfacing treatment complications: a review. Dermatol Surg. 2010 Mar;36(3):299-306.

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41.  Clark DP, Hanke CW. Electrosurgical treatment of rhinophyma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990 May;22(5 Pt 1):831-7.

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42.  Greenbaum SS, Krull EA, Watnick K. Comparison of CO2 laser and electrosurgery in the treatment of rhinophyma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1988 Feb;18(2 Pt 1):363-8.

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43.  Halsebergen-Henning JP, van Gemert MJ. Rhinophyma treated by argon laser. Lasers Surg Med. 1983;2(3):211-5.

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44.  Wenig BL, Weingarten RT. Excision of rhinophyma with Nd:YAG laser: a new technique. Laryngoscope. 1993 Jan;103(1 Pt 1):101-3.

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45.  Sonnex TS, Dawber RP. Rhinophyma-treatment by liquid nitrogen spray cryosurgery. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1986 May;11(3):284-8.

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46.  Eisen RF, Katz AE, Bohigian RK, et al. Surgical treatment of rhinophyma with the Shaw scalpel. Arch Dermatol. 1986 Mar;122(3):307-9.

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47.  College of Optometrists. Clinical management guidelines: ocular rosacea. Mar 2016 [internet publication].

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48.  Schechter BA, Katz RS, Friedman LS, et al. Efficacy of topical cyclosporine for the treatment of ocular rosacea. Adv Ther. 2009 Jun;26(6):651-9.

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49.  Bartholomew RS, Reid BJ, Cheesbrough, et al. Oxytetracycline in the treatment of ocular rosacea: a double-blind trial. Br J Ophthalmol. 1982 Jun;66(6):386-8.

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50.  Quarterman MJ, Johnson DW, Abele DC, et al. Ocular rosacea: signs, symptoms, and tear studies before and after treatment with doxycycline. Arch Dermatol. 1997 Jan;133(1):49-54.

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51.  Bakar O, Demircay Z, Toker E, et al. Ocular signs, symptoms and tear function tests of papulopustular rosacea patients receiving azithromycin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009 May;23(5):544-9.

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52.  Huang YE, Li XL, Li TJ. Clinical research of topical tacrolimus ointment combined with 585 nm pulsed dye laser in the treatment of rosacea [in Chinese]. J Clin Dermatol. 2012;41(5):308-9.

53.  Neuhaus IM, Zane LT, Tope WD. Comparative efficacy of nonpurpuragenic pulsed dye laser and intense pulsed light for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Dermatol Surg. 2009 Jun;35(6):920-8.

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54.  Serdar ZA, Yasar S. Efficacy of 1% terbinafine cream in comparison with 0.75% metronidazole gel for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2011 Jun;30(2):124-8.

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55.  Maxwell EL, Ellis DA, Manis H. Acne rosacea: effectiveness of 532 nm laser on the cosmetic appearance of the skin. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Jun;39(3):292-6.

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56.  Kim TG, Roh HJ, Cho SB, et al. Enhancing effect of pretreatment with topical niacin in the treatment of rosacea-associated erythema by 585-nm pulsed dye laser in Koreans: a randomized, prospective, split-face trial. Br J Dermatol. 2011 Mar;164(3):573-9.

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57.  Gollnick H, Blume-Peytavi U, Szabo EL, et al. Systemic isotretinoin in the treatment of rosacea - doxycycline- and placebo-controlled, randomized clinical study. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2010 Jul;8(7):505-15.

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58.  Lee DH, Li K, Suh DH. Pimecrolimus 1% cream for the treatment of steroid-induced rosacea: an 8-week split-face clinical trial. Br J Dermatol. 2008 May;158(5):1069-76.

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59.  Koca R, Altinyazar HC, Ankarali H, et al. A comparison of metronidazole 1% cream and pimecrolimus 1% cream in the treatment of patients with papulopustular rosacea: a randomized open-label clinical trial. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2010 Apr;35(3):251-6.

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60.  Karabulut AA, Izol Serel B, Eksioglu HM. A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, split-face study with pimecrolimus cream 1% for papulopustular rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008 Jun;22(6):729-34.

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61.  Chu CY. An open-label pilot study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topically applied pimecrolimus cream for the treatment of steroid-induced rosacea-like eruption. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007 Apr;21(4):484-90.

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62.  Weissenbacher S, Merkl J, Hildebrandt B, et al. Pimecrolimus cream 1% for papulopustular rosacea: a randomized vehicle-controlled double-blind trial. Br J Dermatol. 2007 Apr;156(4):728-32.

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63.  Sharquie KE, Najim RA, Al-Salman HN. Oral zinc sulfate in the treatment of rosacea: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Dermatol. 2006 Jul;45(7):857-61.

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64.  Bamford JT, Gessert CE, Haller IV, et al. Randomized, double-blind trial of 220 mg zinc sulfate twice daily in the treatment of rosacea. Int J Dermatol. 2012 Apr;51(4):459-62.

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65.  Berardesca E, Iorizzo M, Abril E, et al. Clinical and instrumental assessment of the effects of a new product based on hydroxypropyl chitosan and potassium azeloyl diglycinate in the management of rosacea. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2012 Mar;11(1):37-41.

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66.  Chang AL, Alora-Palli M, Lima XT, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of clindamycin 1.2% and tretinoin 0.025% combination gel for the treatment of acne rosacea over 12 weeks. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012 Mar;11(3):333-9.

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67.  Raoufinejad K, Mansouri P, Rajabi M, et al. Efficacy and safety of permethrin 5% topical gel vs. placebo for rosacea: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016 Dec;30(12):2105-17.

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