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Lewis JH. Hiccups: causes and cures. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1985;7:539-552.

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Wagner MS, Stapczynski JS. Persistent hiccups. Ann Emerg Med. 1982;11:24-26.

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Rousseau P. Hiccups. South Med J. 1995;88:175-181.

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Zhu LL, Wang WX, Guo XG. Acupuncture for hiccups after stroke: a systematic review. Chin J Evid Based Med. 2011;11:325-328.

1.  Lewis JH. Hiccups: causes and cures. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1985;7:539-552.

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2.  Slipman CW, Shin CH, Patel RK, et al. Persistent hiccup associated with thoracic epidural injection. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;80:618-621.

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3.  Smith HS, Busracamwongs A. Management of hiccups in the palliative care population. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2003;20:149-154.

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4.  Reiss M, Reiss G. Singultus: indication of an atypical myocardial infarct? [in German] MMW Fortschr Med. 2006;148:55-56.

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5.  Khorakiwala T, Arain R, Mulsow J, et al. Hiccups: an unrecognized symptom of esophageal cancer? Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:801.

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6.  Nagayama T, Kaji M, Hirano H, et al. Intractable hiccups as a presenting symptom of cerebellar hemangioblastoma: case report. J Neurosurg. 2004;100:1107-1110.

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7.  Ruan X, Couch JP, Shah R, et al. Persistent hiccup associated with intrathecal morphine infusion pump therapy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;86:1019-1022.

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8.  Homer JR, Davies JM, Amundsen LB. Persistent hiccups after attempted interscalene brachial plexus block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2005;30:574-576.

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9.  Redondo-Cerezo E, Viñuelas-Chicano M, Pérez-Vigara G, et al. A patient with persistent hiccups and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Gut. 2008;57:763;771.

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10.  Sugimoto T, Takeda N, Yamakawa I, et al. Intractable hiccup associated with aseptic meningitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2008;17:152-153.

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11.  Wagner MS, Stapczynski JS. Persistent hiccups. Ann Emerg Med. 1982;11:24-26.

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12.  Rousseau P. Hiccups. South Med J. 1995;88:175-181.

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13.  Moretto EN, Wee B, Wiffen PJ, et al. Interventions for treating persistent and intractable hiccups in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(1):CD008768.

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14.  Calsina-Berna A, García-Gómez G, González-Barboteo J, et al. Treatment of chronic hiccups in cancer patients: a systematic review. J Palliat Med. 2012;15:1142-1150.

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15.  Seyama H, Kurita H, Noguchi A, et al. Resolution of intractable hiccups caused by cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Neurology. 2001;57:2142.

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16.  Peleg R, Peleg A. Case report: sexual intercourse as potential treatment for intractable hiccups. Can Fam Physician. 2000;46:1631-1632.

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17.  Payne BR, Tiel RL, Payne MS, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation for chronic intractable hiccups: case report. J Neurosurg. 2005;102:935-937.

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18.  European Medicines Agency. European Medicines Agency recommends changes to the use of metoclopramide. July 2013. http://www.ema.europa.eu (last accessed 23 September 2017).

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19.  Hernández JL, Pajarón M, García-Regata O, et al. Gabapentin for intractable hiccup. Am J Med. 2004;117:279-281.

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20.  Alonso-Navarro H, Rubio L, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ. Refractory hiccup: successful treatment with gabapentin. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2007;30:186-187.

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21.  Hung YM, Miller MA, Patel MM. Persistent hiccups associated with intravenous corticosteroid therapy. J Clin Rheumatol. 2003;9:306-309.

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22.  Palacio Lacambra ME, Juárez Giménez JC, Peña MJ, et al. Medication and singultus [in Spanish]. Atencion Farmaceutica. 2011;13:18-23.

23.  Thompson DF, Brooks KG. Gabapentin therapy of hiccups. Ann Pharmacother. 2013;47:897-903.

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24.  Zhu LL, Wang WX, Guo XG. Acupuncture for hiccups after stroke: a systematic review. Chin J Evid Based Med. 2011;11:325-328.

25.  Kranke P, Eberhart LH, Morin AM, et al. Treatment of hiccup during general anaesthesia or sedation: a qualitative systematic review. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2003;20:239-244.

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26.  Szibor-Kriesen U, Devide A, Hoetzel A, et al. Persistent intractable hiccup in the perioperative period [in German]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2008;43:674-676.

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