血管瘤在血管性肿瘤中很常见,总发病率约为 4% 至 5%。[14]Darrow DH, Greene AK, Mancini AJ, et al. Diagnosis and management of infantile hemangioma. Pediatrics. 2015 Oct;136(4):e1060-104.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/136/4/e1060http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26416931?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Kilcline C, Friedan IJ. Infantile hemangiomas: how common are they? A systematic review of the medical literature. Pediatr Dermatol. 2008 Mar-Apr;25(2):168-73.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18429772?tool=bestpractice.com 据报道,新生儿血管瘤发病率在 1.1%-2.6% 之间。[16]Bruckner AL, Friedan IJ. Hemangiomas of infancy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003 Apr;48(4):477-93.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12664009?tool=bestpractice.com 婴幼儿血管瘤在女童中比在男童中更为常见,女性与男性的比例估计为2:1至5:1,PHACE综合征则高达9:1。[2]Garzon MC. Infantile hemangioma. In: Callen JP, Horn TD, Mancini AJ, et al, eds. Dermatology. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2008:1565-80.[14]Darrow DH, Greene AK, Mancini AJ, et al. Diagnosis and management of infantile hemangioma. Pediatrics. 2015 Oct;136(4):e1060-104.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/136/4/e1060http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26416931?tool=bestpractice.com[16]Bruckner AL, Friedan IJ. Hemangiomas of infancy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003 Apr;48(4):477-93.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12664009?tool=bestpractice.com 相对于其他人种婴儿,血管瘤更好发于白种人婴儿。[14]Darrow DH, Greene AK, Mancini AJ, et al. Diagnosis and management of infantile hemangioma. Pediatrics. 2015 Oct;136(4):e1060-104.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/136/4/e1060http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26416931?tool=bestpractice.com 早产和低出生体重也与血管瘤的风险增加相关。低出生体重与血管瘤风险的相关性似乎比早产更显著。[17]Drolet BA, Swanson EA, Frieden IJ, et al. Infantile hemangiomas: an emerging health issue linked to an increased rate of low birth weight infants. J Pediatr. 2008 Nov;153(5):712-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18940356?tool=bestpractice.com 在一项大型多变量分析中,低出生体重被证明是发生婴幼儿血管瘤最显著相关的危险因素。[17]Drolet BA, Swanson EA, Frieden IJ, et al. Infantile hemangiomas: an emerging health issue linked to an increased rate of low birth weight infants. J Pediatr. 2008 Nov;153(5):712-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18940356?tool=bestpractice.com 在出生体重为 1000-1500 g 的婴儿中,14% 患有血管瘤;而在出生体重为 1500-2000 g 的婴儿中,10% 患有血管瘤。[18]Smith CJF, Friedlander SF, Guma M, et al. Infantile hemangiomas: an updated review on risk factors, pathogenesis, and treatment. Birth Defects Res. 2017 Jul 3;109(11):809-15.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5839165/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28402073?tool=bestpractice.com
与婴儿血管瘤风险增加相关的母体因素包括:[14]Darrow DH, Greene AK, Mancini AJ, et al. Diagnosis and management of infantile hemangioma. Pediatrics. 2015 Oct;136(4):e1060-104.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/136/4/e1060http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26416931?tool=bestpractice.com[19]Hemangioma Investigator Group, Haggstrom AN, Drolet, BA, et al. Prospective study of infantile hemangiomas: demographic, prenatal, and perinatal characteristics. J Pediatr. 2007 Mar;150(3):291-4.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17307549?tool=bestpractice.com
高龄产妇
多胎妊娠
子痫前期
母亲不育史
不育治疗
绒毛采样。
很多风险因素是相关联的,并不是独立的变量。