替代药物/草药
人们对几种用于治疗急性支气管炎的天然产品进行了研究。基于在东欧进行的少数研究,狭花天竺葵(又称 EPs 7630)能够缩短急性支气管炎症状的持续时间,并减轻严重程度。[26]Timmer A, Günther J, Motschall E, et al. Pelargonium sidoides extract for acute respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(10):CD006323.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006323.pub3/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24146345?tool=bestpractice.com[27]Agbabiaka T, Guo R, Ernst E. Pelargonium sidoides for acute bronchitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytomedicine. 2008;15:378-385.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18222667?tool=bestpractice.com[28]Kamin W, Maydannik V, Malek FA, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of EPs 7630 in children and adolescents with acute bronchitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial with a herbal drug preparation from Pelargonium sidoides roots. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010;48:184-191.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20197012?tool=bestpractice.com[29]Kamin W, Maydannik VG, Malek FA, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of EPs 7630 in patients (aged 6-18 years old) with acute bronchitis. Acta Paediatr. 2010;99:537-543.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2855831/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20070280?tool=bestpractice.com[30]Matthys H, Lizogub VG, Malek FA, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of EPs 7630 tablets in patients with acute bronchitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-finding study with a herbal drug preparation from Pelargonium sidoides. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26:1413-1422.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20387996?tool=bestpractice.com 在中国进行的一项小型随机安慰剂对照试验表明,使用感咳双清可减轻急性支气管炎(称为风热症)的症状,并且尚无不良事件报道。[31]Ding HY, Zhang N-ZW, Chen B, et al. A multicentered, double-blind, randomized controlled trials of Gankeshuangqing Capsule in the treatment of wind-heat syndrome (acute upper respiratory infection or acute bronchitis). Chin J Evid Based Med. 2010;1:14-22.进一步研究表明,常春藤提取物可减少急性支气管炎患者的咳嗽发作次数并减轻咳嗽导致的所有症状。[32]Kemmerich B, Eberhardt R, Stammer H. Efficacy and tolerability of a fluid extract combination of thyme herb and ivy leaves and matched placebo in adults suffering from acute bronchitis with productive cough: a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschung. 2006;56:652-660.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17063641?tool=bestpractice.com[33]Cwientzek U, Ottillinger B, Arenberger P. Acute bronchitis therapy with ivy leaves extracts in a two-arm study. A double-blind, randomised study vs. an other ivy leaves extract. Phytomedicine. 2011;18:1105-1109.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21802921?tool=bestpractice.com桉树脑(桉油醇)是桉树油的主要成分,已被观察到能够增加粘膜纤毛的摆动频率并具有扩张支气管疗效。一项随机安慰剂对照试验发现,由于桉树脑减轻了咳嗽,从而改善了支气管炎症状评分。[34]Fischer J, Dethlefsen U. Efficacy of cineole in patients suffering from acute bronchitis: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Cough. 2013;9:25.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3842692/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24261680?tool=bestpractice.com另一项含桉树脑的制剂的随机对照试验获得了类似的结果,患者的许多咳嗽相关的症状减轻,包括夜间咳嗽、咳嗽发作次数和咳嗽导致的所有不适症状。[35]Gillissen A, Wittig T, Ehmen M, et al. A multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on the efficacy and tolerability of GeloMyrtol® forte in acute bronchitis. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2013;63:19-27.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23447044?tool=bestpractice.com需要进行更多的试验以评估这些药物的整体有效性和安全性。