在美国,每年在所有年龄组患者中诊断为病毒性或细菌性急性鼻窦炎的病例超过 2000 万例,[5]Anand VK. Epidemiology and economic impact of rhinosinusitis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 2004 May;193:3-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15174752?tool=bestpractice.com 据估计此病影响了 16% 的成年人,[5]Anand VK. Epidemiology and economic impact of rhinosinusitis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 2004 May;193:3-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15174752?tool=bestpractice.com 因此所致每年的手术量近 1200 万台。[6]Osguthorpe JD. Adult rhinosinusitis: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2001 Jan 1;63(1):69-77.http://www.aafp.org/afp/2001/0101/p69.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11195772?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Piccirillo JF. Clinical practice. Acute bacterial sinusitis. N Engl J Med. 2004 Aug 26;351(9):902-10.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15329428?tool=bestpractice.com
约 0.5%~13% 的病毒性上呼吸道感染进展为急性细菌性鼻窦炎。[8]Gwaltney JM Jr. Acute community-acquired sinusitis. Clin Infect Dis. 1996 Dec;23(6):1209-25.https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/23/6/1209/307006http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953061?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Berg O, Carenfelt C, Rystedt G, et al. Occurrence of asymptomatic sinusitis in common cold and other acute ENT infections. Rhinology. 1986 Sep;24(3):223-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3775189?tool=bestpractice.com
估计 6%~13% 的儿童在 3 岁以内会出现一次急性鼻窦炎。[8]Gwaltney JM Jr. Acute community-acquired sinusitis. Clin Infect Dis. 1996 Dec;23(6):1209-25.https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/23/6/1209/307006http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953061?tool=bestpractice.com 学龄儿童平均每年 出现6~8 次上呼吸道感染,其中,5%~10% 会并发鼻窦炎。[8]Gwaltney JM Jr. Acute community-acquired sinusitis. Clin Infect Dis. 1996 Dec;23(6):1209-25.https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/23/6/1209/307006http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953061?tool=bestpractice.com
女性的患病率略高于男性,[10]Chen Y, Dales R, Lin M. The epidemiology of chronic rhinosinusitis in Canadians. Laryngoscope. 2003 Jul;113(7):1199-205.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12838019?tool=bestpractice.com 发病率没有人种差异。[11]Taylor A. Sinusitis. Pediatr Rev. 2006 Oct;27(10):395-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17012491?tool=bestpractice.com