英国每年约有 25 万名患者因犬咬伤治疗而至轻伤、事故和急诊科就诊。[1]Morgan M, Palmer J. Dog bites. BMJ. 2007 Feb 24;334(7590):413-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1804160/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322257?tool=bestpractice.com 在法国里昂地区进行的流行病学调查中,据报道,1987-1988 年间的犬和猫咬伤发生率为 37.5 例/10 万。[2]Chomel BB, Trotognon J. Epidemiologic surveys of cat bites in the Lyon area of France. Eur J Epidem. 1992 Jul;8(4):619-24.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1397233?tool=bestpractice.com 2015 年夏天,一项针对英国单一社区的横断面研究估计,犬咬伤的年发生率为 19/1,000,表明犬咬伤的负担远远大于从医院记录所得出的负担。[3]Westgarth C, Brooke M, Christley RM. How many people have been bitten by dogs? A cross-sectional survey of prevalence, incidence and factors associated with dog bites in a UK community. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2018 Apr;72(4):331-6.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5868524/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29437877?tool=bestpractice.com
在美国,每年大约有 450 万人被犬咬伤。[4]World Health Organization. Animal bites. February 2018 [internet publication].http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/animal-bites 超过 85 万被咬伤的患者将就诊求助,其中 3 万例需要进行组织重建手术,3% 至 18% 将发生感染。每年可能发生多达 20 例死亡。[4]World Health Organization. Animal bites. February 2018 [internet publication].http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/animal-bites 猫咬伤是第二常见的动物咬伤,最常发生于女性和老年人群,其中近 50% 的被咬者年龄在 20 岁以上。[5]Goldstein EJ. Bite wounds and infection. Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Mar;14(3):633-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1562653?tool=bestpractice.com
咬伤部位和被咬人群因动物类型而异。 总的来说,大多数犬咬伤发生在四肢部位。 面部咬伤最常发生于幼儿。[5]Goldstein EJ. Bite wounds and infection. Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Mar;14(3):633-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1562653?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Smith PF, Meadowcroft AM, May DB. Treating mammalian bite wounds. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2000 Apr;25(2):85-99.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10849186?tool=bestpractice.com 多达 2/3 的猫咬伤发生在上肢部位,通常在手部。[5]Goldstein EJ. Bite wounds and infection. Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Mar;14(3):633-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1562653?tool=bestpractice.com