丹曲林
丹曲林是突触后肌肉松弛剂,用于治疗和预防恶性高热、神经阻滞剂恶性综合征以及肌肉痉挛状态。 它已成功地用于 MDMA 诱导的高热病例。[76]Grunau BE, Wiens MO, Brubacher JR. Dantrolene in the treatment of MDMA-related hyperpyrexia: a systematic review. CJEM. 2010;12:435-442.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20880437?tool=bestpractice.com
右美托咪定
右美托咪定是一种镇静剂,已被有效地用于对兴奋剂中毒的 ICU 患者进行镇静。[37]Richards JR, Albertson TE, Derlet RW, et al. Treatment of toxicity from amphetamines, related derivatives, and analogues: a systematic clinical review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;150:1-13.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25724076?tool=bestpractice.com[77]Kram B, Kram SJ, Sharpe ML, et al. Analgesia and sedation requirements in mechanically ventilated trauma patients with acute, preinjury use of cocaine and/or amphetamines. Anesth Analg. 2017;124:782-788.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28098590?tool=bestpractice.com 但是,在大部分急诊科,该药物并非广泛可用。
氯胺酮
在少数病例报告中,氯胺酮已被成功用于控制全身性激越。[37]Richards JR, Albertson TE, Derlet RW, et al. Treatment of toxicity from amphetamines, related derivatives, and analogues: a systematic clinical review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;150:1-13.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25724076?tool=bestpractice.com
丙泊酚
在少数病例报告中,丙泊酚(一种麻醉药)单药或与氯胺酮联合(联合时称为氯泊酚 [ketofol])被有效用于控制全身性激越。[37]Richards JR, Albertson TE, Derlet RW, et al. Treatment of toxicity from amphetamines, related derivatives, and analogues: a systematic clinical review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;150:1-13.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25724076?tool=bestpractice.com