遗传学:家族聚集性提示佩吉特病可能是一种外显率不一的常染色体显性遗传病。[3]Siris ES, Ottman R, Flaster E, et al. Familial aggregation of Paget's disease of bone. J Bone Miner Res. 1991;6:495-500.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2068956?tool=bestpractice.com[12]McKusick VA. Heritable disorders of connective tissue. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1972. 在诊断为佩吉特病患者的一级亲属中,发生该病的相对危险度高达 7。[13]Siris E, Weinstein RS, Altman R, et al. Comparative study of alendronate versus etidronate for the treatment of Paget's disease of bone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 Mar;81(3):961-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8772558?tool=bestpractice.com 研究发现,在高达 50% 的家族性佩吉特病例中以及在部分散发性佩吉特病例中,称为死骨片 1 (SQSTM1) 的基因存在突变。[14]Michou L, Collet C, Laplanche JL, et al. Genetics of Paget's disease of bone. Joint Bone Spine. 2006 May;73(3):243-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574459?tool=bestpractice.com 家族性 Paget 病具有遗传异质性,另外还有几个基因位点与 Paget 病的发生有关(即 CSF1、TNFRSF11A [RANK]、OPTN 和 VCP)。[15]Albagha OM, Visconti MR, Alonso N, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies variants at CSF1, OPTN and TNFRSF11A as genetic risk factors for Paget's disease of bone. Nat Genet. 2010 Jun;42(6):520-4.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20436471?tool=bestpractice.com
感染:副粘病毒属病毒,例如麻疹病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒及犬瘟热病毒与该疾病的病因有关。[16]Mee AP. Paramyxoviruses and Paget's disease: the affirmative view. Bone. 1999 May;24(5 suppl):19S-21S.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10321921?tool=bestpractice.com[17]Gordon MT, Mee AP, Anderson DC, et al. Canine distemper virus transcripts sequenced from pagetic bone. Bone Miner. 1992 Nov;19(2):159-74.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1345324?tool=bestpractice.com[18]Reddy SV, Singer FR, Mallette L, et al. Detection of measles virus nucleocapsid transcripts in circulating blood cells from patients with Paget disease. J Bone Miner Res. 1996 Nov;11(11):1602-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8915767?tool=bestpractice.com[19]Ralston SH, Afzal MA, Helfrich MH, et al. Multicenter blinded analysis of RT-PCR detection methods for paramyxoviruses in relation to Paget's disease of bone. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Apr;22(4):569-77.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17227218?tool=bestpractice.com 电子显微镜检查显示,佩吉特病破骨细胞中存在与副粘病毒属相似的病毒状结构。在携带 SQSTM1 突变的小鼠中,麻疹病毒核衣壳蛋白的过表达导致显著的佩吉特病表型。[20]Kurihara N, Hiruma Y, Yamana K, et al. Contributions of the measles virus nucleocapsid gene and the SQSTM1/p62(P392L) mutation to Paget's disease. Cell Metab. 2011 Jan 5;13(1):23-34.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025409/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21195346?tool=bestpractice.com 但较新的研究无法确认佩吉特病患者的骨活检或其他组织中存在副黏病毒属病毒。[21]Helfrich MH, Hobson RP, Grabowski PS, et al. A negative search for a paramyxoviral etiology of Paget's disease of bone: molecular, immunological, and ultrastructural studies in UK patients. J Bone Miner Res. 2000 Dec;15(12):2315-29.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11127197?tool=bestpractice.com
环境:由于地区性差异和过去几十年来患病率下降,有推测认为,环境因素参与了疾病发生。 有人推测,高砷水平[22]Lever JH. Paget's disease of bone in Lancashire and arsenic pesticide in cotton mill wastewater: a speculative hypothesis. Bone. 2002 Sep;31(3):434-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12231419?tool=bestpractice.com 与牛或狗以及其他宠物接触也可能是致病因素。[23]Lopez-Abente G, Morales-Piga A, Elena-Ibanez A, et al. Cattle, pets, and Paget's disease of bone. Epidemiology. 1997 May;8(3):247-51.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9115018?tool=bestpractice.com 但是其他研究尚未发现这类关联,[24]Siris ES, Kelsey JL, Flaster E, et al. Paget's disease of bone and previous pet ownership in the United States: dogs exonerated. Int J Epidemiol. 1990 Jun;19(2):455-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2376461?tool=bestpractice.com 且没有环境因素与 Paget 病呈持续相关。