龈炎是最轻度的牙周病,全世界 50% 至 90% 的成年人受其影响。[4]Albandar JM, Rams TE. Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000. 2002;29:7-10.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12102700?tool=bestpractice.com男女老幼均可受累。根据与≥1 颗牙相邻的龈出血来定义,约一半美国人罹患龈炎,其中男性患病率略高于女性,黑人与墨西哥裔美国人的患病率略高于白人。[5]Albandar JM, Kingman A. Gingival recession, gingival bleeding and dental calculus in adults 30 years of age and older in the United States. 1988-1994. J Periodontol. 1999;70:30-43.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10052768?tool=bestpractice.com有证据表明,过去数十年间,发达国家龈炎的患病率一直在下降。[6]Hugoson A, Sjödin B, Norderyd O. Trends over 30 years, 1973-2003, in the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:405-414.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18433384?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Rothlisberger B, Kuonen P, Salvi GE, et al. Periodontal conditions in Swiss army recruits: a comparative study between the years 1985, 1996 and 2006. J Clin Periodontol. 2007;34:860-866.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17850604?tool=bestpractice.com龈炎患病率在全球范围内并不均衡,世界上某些地方报告的患病率偏高。[4]Albandar JM, Rams TE. Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000. 2002;29:7-10.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12102700?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Wang QT, Wu ZF, Wu YF, et al. Epidemiology and preventive direction of periodontology in China. J Clin Periodontol. 2007;34:946-951.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17877744?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Dhar V, Jain A, Van Dyke TE, et al. Prevalence of gingival diseases, malocclusion and fluorosis in school-going children of rural areas in Udaipur district. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2007;25:103-105.http://www.jisppd.com/article.asp?issn=0970-4388;year=2007;volume=25;issue=2;spage=103;epage=105;aulast=Dharhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17660647?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Agbelusi GA, Jeboda SO. Oral health status of 12-year-old Nigerian children. West Afr J Med. 2006;25:195-198.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17191418?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Coelho Rde S, Gusmão ES, Jovino-Silveira RC, et al. Profile of periodontal conditions in a Brazilian adult population. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2008;6:139-145.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18637391?tool=bestpractice.com
坏死性溃疡性龈炎 (NUG) 的患病率差异较大,在某些国家年轻的 HIV/艾滋病患者中经常有此病例的报告。[12]Ranganathan K, Hemalatha R. Oral lesions in HIV infection in developing countries: an overview. Adv Dent Res. 2006;19:63-68.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16672552?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Albandar JM, Tinoco EM. Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases in children and young persons. Periodontol 2000. 2002;29:153-176.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12102707?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Herrera D, Alonso B, de Arriba L, et al. Acute periodontal lesions. Periodontol 2000. 2014;65:149-177.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24738591?tool=bestpractice.com包含门诊患者(特别是在引入抗逆转录病毒治疗后)的研究显示相对较低的患病率,与一般人群的患病率相似。[15]Coogan MM, Greenspan J, Challacombe SJ. Oral lesions in infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Bull World Health Organ 2005;83:700-706.http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862005000900016&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=enhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16211162?tool=bestpractice.com该病常见于发展中国家,尤以撒哈拉以南非洲地区为甚,当地的患者几乎都是儿童,通常介于 3 岁至 10 岁,低社会经济背景。[14]Herrera D, Alonso B, de Arriba L, et al. Acute periodontal lesions. Periodontol 2000. 2014;65:149-177.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24738591?tool=bestpractice.com[16]Folayan MO. The epidemiology, etiology, and pathophysiology of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis associated with malnutrition. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2004;5:28-41.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15318254?tool=bestpractice.com据报告,在发达国家该病的患病率大约为 0.5%,在南非人群中为 3%,在西尼日利亚某牙科诊所 12 岁以下的尼日利亚儿童中,该病的患病率高达 27%。[14]Herrera D, Alonso B, de Arriba L, et al. Acute periodontal lesions. Periodontol 2000. 2014;65:149-177.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24738591?tool=bestpractice.com[17]Arendorf TM, Bredekamp B, Cloete CA, et al. Seasonal variation of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in South Africans. Oral Dis. 2001;7:150-154.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11495190?tool=bestpractice.com[18]Taiwo JO. Oral hygiene status and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in Nigerian children. J Periodontol. 1993;64:1071-1074.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8295093?tool=bestpractice.com在这一群体中,口腔卫生较好的儿童该病的患病率从 2% 上升到 3%,而口腔卫生极差的儿童,该病患病率则上升到 67%。[18]Taiwo JO. Oral hygiene status and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in Nigerian children. J Periodontol. 1993;64:1071-1074.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8295093?tool=bestpractice.com