阿片类药物可导致胃排空延迟。[44]Wood JD, Galligan JJ. Function of opioids in the enteric nervous system. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2004;16(suppl 2):17-28.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15357848?tool=bestpractice.com确切机制尚不清楚,但认为这类药物致胃排空延迟是通过其对µ和κ阿片类受体的活性所致。
抗胆碱能药物可导致胃排空延迟。[45]Parkman HP, Trate DM, Knight LC, et al. Cholinergic effects on human gastric motility. Gut. 1999;45:346-354.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446101?tool=bestpractice.com确切的机制尚不清楚,但认为这类药物部分阻断了胆碱能介导的胃排空过程。这类胃排空延迟通常较轻微。
三环类抗抑郁药也有抗胆碱能活性,因此也可致胃排空延迟。[44]Wood JD, Galligan JJ. Function of opioids in the enteric nervous system. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2004;16(suppl 2):17-28.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15357848?tool=bestpractice.com这类胃排空延迟通常较轻微。这类药物偶尔用于治疗胃轻瘫患者的难治性恶心。
其他可导致胃排空延迟的药物包括:奥曲肽、[46]Foxx-Orenstein A, Camilleri M, Stephens D, et al. Effect of a somatostatin analogue on gastric motor and sensory functions in healthy humans. Gut. 2003;52:1555-1561.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14570722?tool=bestpractice.com质子泵抑制剂[47]Tougas G, Earnest DL, Chen Y, et al. Omeprazole delays gastric emptying in healthy volunteers: an effect prevented by tegaserod. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;22:59-65.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15963081?tool=bestpractice.com干扰素α、[48]Nishiguchi S, Shiomi S, Kurooka H, et al. Randomized trial assessing gastric emptying in patients with chronic hepatitis C during interferon-alpha or -beta therapy and effect of cisapride. Dig Dis Sci. 2002;47:73-78.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11837736?tool=bestpractice.com左旋多巴[49]Hardoff R, Sula M, Tamir A, et al. Gastric emptying time and gastric motility in patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2001;16:1041-1047.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11748735?tool=bestpractice.com胰高血糖素、[50]Young A. Inhibition of gastric emptying. Adv Pharmacol. 2005;52:99-121.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16492543?tool=bestpractice.com和降钙素。[51]Jonderko K, Jonderko G, Golab T. Effect of calcitonin on gastric emptying and on serum insulin and gastrin concentrations after ingestion of a mixed solid-liquid meal in humans. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1990;12:22-28.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2406330?tool=bestpractice.com