在所有电击伤中,闪电电击伤所导致的死亡率最高 (17.6%),高电压电击伤为 (5.3%),低电压电击伤为 (2.8%)。[31]Arnoldo BD, Purdue GF, Kowalske K, et al. Electrical injuries: a 20-year review. J Burn Care Rehabil. 2004;25:479-484.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15534455?tool=bestpractice.com致命性的心律失常通常是立即发生的。是否存在缺氧性脑病决定了是否会出现神经系统长期后遗症。继发性损伤的程度,尤其是烧伤的程度,会影响预后。[2]Spies C, Trohman RG. Narrative review: Electrocution and life-threatening electrical injuries. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:531-537.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17015871?tool=bestpractice.com
如果心电图正常,几乎可以说明不存在迟发性心律失常。[32]Bailey B, Gaudreault P, Thivierge RL. Cardiac monitoring of high-risk patients after an electrical injury: a prospective multicentre study. Emerg Med J. 2007;24:348-352 [Erratum in: Emerg Med J. 2007;24:605].http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658483/?tool=pubmedhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17452703?tool=bestpractice.com
长期随访很重要,因为可能会发生迟发性神经和精神并发症。[25]Cooper MA. Emergent care of lightning and electrical injuries. Semin Neurol. 1995;15:268-278.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8570929?tool=bestpractice.com[31]Arnoldo BD, Purdue GF, Kowalske K, et al. Electrical injuries: a 20-year review. J Burn Care Rehabil. 2004;25:479-484.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15534455?tool=bestpractice.com
许多患者发生电击伤时都还很年轻健康,所以他们往往会恢复得很好。[2]Spies C, Trohman RG. Narrative review: Electrocution and life-threatening electrical injuries. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:531-537.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17015871?tool=bestpractice.com