高血压是妊娠期最常被发现的医学问题。 高血压疾病是妊娠期发病和死亡的一个常见原因,如未进行恰当处理,会导致母亲和新生儿不良结局。 在英国,妊娠期高血压和子痫前期出现在约 5%-6% 的妊娠中。[6]James PR, Nelson-Piercy C. Management of hypertension before, during, and after pregnancy. Heart. 2004;90:1499-1504.http://heart.bmj.com/content/90/12/1499.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15547046?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Department of Health. NHS maternity statistics, England: 1998-99 to 2000-01. February 2007. http://www.dh.gov.uk/ (last accessed 8 August 2016).http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130107105354/http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Statistics/StatisticalWorkAreas/Statisticalhealthcare/DH_4086519 妊娠期高血压和子痫前期在美国报道的发病率在{0}2{1}至{2}12%{3}之间。[8]Committee on Technical Bulletins of the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG technical bulletin. Hypertension in pregnancy. Number 219 - January 1996. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1996;53:175-183.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8735301?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Buchbinder A, Sibai BM, Caritis S, et al. Adverse perinatal outcomes are significantly higher in severe gestational hypertension than in severe preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186:66-71.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11810087?tool=bestpractice.com 与经产妇相比(发病率为{0}2{1}至{2}4%{3}),初产妇妊娠期高血压发病率更高({4}6%{5}至{6}17%{7})。[10]Hauth JC, Ewell MG, Levine RJ, et al. Pregnancy outcomes in healthy nulliparas who developed hypertension. Calcium for preeclampsia prevention study group. Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Jan;95(1):24-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10636496?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Knuist M, Bonsel GJ, Zondervan HA, et al. Intensification of fetal and maternal surveillance in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1998 May;61(2):127-33.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9639216?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Hnat MD, Sibai BM, Caritis S, et al. Perinatal outcome in women with recurrent preeclampsia compared with women who develop preeclampsia as nulliparas. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Mar;186(3):422-6. [Erratum in: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jul;189(1):244.]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11904601?tool=bestpractice.com 非洲裔美国女性比白人女性的发病风险更高。[13]Bryant AS, Seely EW, Cohen A, et al. Patterns of pregnancy-related hypertension in black and white women. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2005;24(3):281-90.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16263600?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Tanaka M, Jaamaa G, Kaiser M, et al. Racial disparity in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in New York State: a 10-year longitudinal population-based study. Am J Public Health. 2007 Jan;97(1):163-70.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1716255/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138931?tool=bestpractice.com 双胎妊娠比单胎妊娠更常发生娠妊娠期高血压。[15]Luo ZC, Simonet F, An N, et al. Effect on neonatal outcomes in gestational hypertension in twin compared with singleton pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Nov;108(5):1138-44.http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2006/11000/Effect_on_Neonatal_Outcomes_in_Gestational.14.aspxhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17077235?tool=bestpractice.com