该可能关联首次报告于 1976 年。[28]SanFilippo A. Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis related to ingestion of erythromycine estolate: a report of five cases. J Pediatr Surg. 1976;11:177-180.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1263054?tool=bestpractice.com1999 年,美国田纳西州的小儿外科医生确定一群因暴露于百日咳而使用红霉素预防治疗的婴儿患有幽门狭窄。[29]Honein MA, Paulozzi LJ, Himelright IM, et al. Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis after pertussis prophylaxis with erythromycin: a case review and cohort study. Lancet. 1999;354:2101-2105 (erratum in: Lancet. 2000;355:758).http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10609814?tool=bestpractice.com之后经由两项研究确认。研究表明早期接触红霉素(生命第二周之前)与幽门狭窄显著相关。[30]Cooper WO, Griffin MR, Arbogast P, et al. Very early exposure to erythromycin and infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156:647-650.http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/156/7/647http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12090829?tool=bestpractice.com[33]Mahon BE, Rosenman MB, Kleiman MB. Maternal and infant use of erythromycin and other macrolide antibiotics as risk factors for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. J Pediatr. 2001;139:380-384.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11562617?tool=bestpractice.com
然而,另外一项在田纳西州开展的研究却未能证实红霉素与幽门狭窄之间的关系。[34]Cooper WO, Ray WA, Griffin MR. Prenatal prescription of macrolide antibiotics and infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100:101-106.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12100810?tool=bestpractice.com