手术之前必须纠正低血容量和电解质紊乱。
确定性治疗。纠正幽门肥大导致的胃出口梗阻。
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 腹腔镜端口放置。来自 Jeffrey S. Upperman 博士的著作集;获准使用 [Citation ends].
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 腹腔镜下幽门切开刀来自 Jeffrey S. Upperman 博士的著作集;获准使用 [Citation ends].
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 肌肉分离来自 Jeffrey S. Upperman 博士的著作集;获准使用 [Citation ends].
腹腔镜和开放性技术的风险类似。[1]Aspelund G, Langer JC. Current management of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2007;16:27-33.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17210480?tool=bestpractice.com并发症发生率:有腹腔镜与开放性幽门肌切开术对比的荟萃分析,为高质量证据,结果表明二者的伤口感染率、黏膜穿孔率、术后呕吐率和手术次数并无差异。[55]Sola JE, Neville HL. Laparoscopic vs open pyloromyotomy: a systematic review
and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Surg. 2009;44:1631-1637.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19635317?tool=bestpractice.com系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。死亡十分罕见,据报告死亡率 < 0.4%。[1]Aspelund G, Langer JC. Current management of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2007;16:27-33.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17210480?tool=bestpractice.com
在一个大型多中心国际试验中,腹腔镜幽门肌切开术比开放性幽门肌切开术有更短的术后恢复时间和更少的镇痛需求。[56]Hall NJ, Pacilli M, Eaton S, et al. Recovery after open versus laparoscopic pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis: a double-blind multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;373:390-398.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19155060?tool=bestpractice.com一项荟萃分析表明,各研究之间有异质性,但是开放性和腹腔镜方法均安全有效;腹腔镜方法倾向于有时间短相关的效果。[57]Jia WQ, Tian JH, Yang KH, et al. Open versus laparoscopic pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2011;21:77-81.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20957601?tool=bestpractice.com腹腔镜幽门肌切开术有非常低的肌切开不全风险,但是该风险仍比开放性方法高。[51]Yagmurlu A, Barnhart DC, Vernon A, et al. Comparison of the incidence of complications in open and laparoscopic pyloromyotomy: a concurrent single institution series. J Pediatr Surg. 2004;39:292-296.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15017540?tool=bestpractice.com[52]Hall NJ, Eaton S, Seims A, et al. Risk of incomplete pyloromyotomy and mucosal perforation in open and laparoscopic pyloromyotomy. J Pediatr Surg. 2014;49:1083-1086.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24952793?tool=bestpractice.com在方便实施腹腔镜手术的中心,一般都倾向于使用该方法。
一项研究比较了在腹腔镜幽门肌切开术中关节切开刀和 Bovie 电子刀。两种方法均无任何显著优势或劣势。[53]Thomas PG, Sharp NE, St Peter SD. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy: comparing the arthrotomy knife to the Bovie blade. J Surg Res. 2014;190:251-254.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24739509?tool=bestpractice.com