由于患者在疹病以及关节病症状明显时已不再具有传染性,所以预防较为困难。 然而,皮肤出疹时且伴有丘疹紫癜性“手套和短袜”样综合征(PPGSS)的患者具有传染性。[14]American Academy of Pediatrics. Parvovirus B19 (Erythema Infectiosum, fifth disease). 30th ed. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, et al. eds. Red book: 2015 report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2015:593-596.http://redbook.solutions.aap.org/chapter.aspx?sectionId=88187206&bookId=1484 在症状出现前和症状出现后的至少 1 周内,再生障碍危象患者都具有接触传染性。[15]Bernstein DI, Sahly HM, Keitel WA, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a candidate parvovirus B19 vaccine. Vaccine. 2011;29:7357-7363.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21807052?tool=bestpractice.com人们尝试生产疫苗,但是目前还未有进展[16]Bansal GP, Hatfield JA, Dunn FE, et al. Candidate recombinant vaccine for human B19 parvovirus. J Infect Dis. 1993;167;1034-1044.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8486937?tool=bestpractice.com[17]Ballou WR, Reed JL, Noble W, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant parvovirus B19 vaccine formulated with MF59C.1. J Infect Dis. 2003;187;675-678.http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/187/4/675.full.pdf+htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12599085?tool=bestpractice.com[18]Chandramouli S, Medina-Selby A, Coit D, et al. Generation of a parvovirus B19 vaccine candidate. Vaccine. 2013;31:3872-3878.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23827313?tool=bestpractice.com