SIDS 仍是新生儿期后婴儿死亡的主要原因。[6]Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. CDC WONDER: linked birth/infant death records 2007-2015 [internet publication].https://wonder.cdc.gov/lbd-current.html 在 21 世纪初,美国 SIDS 发病率为每 1000 例活产中发生 0.5-0.6 例,与 10 年前相比大约减少了 50%(10 年前为每 1000 例活产中发生 1.2 例)。[7]Moon RY; Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Technical report - SIDS and other sleep-related infant deaths: evidence base for 2016 updated recommendations for a safe infant sleeping environment. Pediatrics. 2016 Nov;138(5):e20162940.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/138/5/e20162940.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27940805?tool=bestpractice.com 2012 年各地 SIDS 发病率存在差异,荷兰每 1000 例活产中< 0.1 例,美国每 1000 例活产中 0.42 例,而在新西兰每 1000 例活产中> 0.5 例。[8]Taylor BJ, Garstang J, Engelberts A, et al. International comparison of sudden unexpected death in infancy rates using a newly proposed set of cause-of-death codes. Arch Dis Child. 2015 Nov;100(11):1018-23.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26163119?tool=bestpractice.com 根据定义,SIDS 在 1 岁以下儿童中出现。 但发病高峰出现于 1-3 月龄组中,在婴儿期两端显著下降。[7]Moon RY; Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Technical report - SIDS and other sleep-related infant deaths: evidence base for 2016 updated recommendations for a safe infant sleeping environment. Pediatrics. 2016 Nov;138(5):e20162940.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/138/5/e20162940.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27940805?tool=bestpractice.com SIDS 在男婴中稍多。[9]Carpenter RG, Irgens LM, Blair PS, et al. Sudden unexplained infant death in 20 regions in Europe: case control study. Lancet. 2004 Jan 17;363(9404):185-91.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14738790?tool=bestpractice.com 在美国,亚裔婴儿的 SIDS 发病率最低(约为白人婴儿的一半),而黑人婴儿和美洲印第安婴儿最高(是白人婴儿的 2 倍)。[10]Mathews TJ, MacDorman MF, Thoma ME. Infant mortality statistics from the 2013 period linked birth/infant death data set. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2015 Aug 6;64(9):1-30.https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_09.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26270610?tool=bestpractice.com 在其他地方也观察到了这种发病率与血统相关的情况;据报告,在澳大利亚,原住民婴儿的 SIDS 发病率大约是非原住民婴儿的 3 倍。[11]Panaretto KS, Whitehall JS, McBride G, et al. Sudden infant death syndrome in indigenous and non-indigenous infants in Northern Queensland, 1990-1998. J Paediatr Child Health. 2002 Apr;38(2):135-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12030993?tool=bestpractice.com