同床仍是存在争议的问题。 同床方便母乳喂养,[54]McKenna JJ, Mosko SS, Richard CA. et al. Bedsharing promotes breastfeeding. Pediatrics. 1997 Aug;100(2 Pt 1):214-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9240802?tool=bestpractice.com 而且许多父母认为同床可促进亲子关系,且便于监护婴儿。[55]Joyner BL, Oden RP, Ajao TI, et al. Where should my baby sleep? A qualitative study of African-American infant sleep location decisions. J Natl Med Assoc. 2010 Oct;102(10):881-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21053702?tool=bestpractice.com 然而在西方国家/地区,父母与婴儿同床是常见现象,这增加了 SIDS 和婴儿意外死亡的风险(例如窒息、卡压)。[56]Unger B, Kemp JS, Wilkins D, et al. Racial disparity and modifiable risk factors among infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly. Pediatrics. 2003 Feb;111(2):E127-31.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/111/2/e127.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12563085?tool=bestpractice.com[57]Scheers NJ, Rutherford GW, Kemp JS. Where should infants sleep? A comparison of risk for suffocation of infants sleeping in cribs, adult beds, and other sleeping locations. Pediatrics. 2003 Oct;112(4):883-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14523181?tool=bestpractice.com[58]Scheers NJ, Dayton CM, Kemp JS. Sudden infant death with external airways covered: case-comparison study of 206 deaths in the United States. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998 Jun;152(6):540-7.http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/189623http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9641706?tool=bestpractice.com[59]Ostfeld BM, Perl H, Esposito L, et al. Sleep environment, positional, lifestyle, and demographic characteristics associated with bed sharing in sudden infant death syndrome cases: a population-based study. Pediatrics. 2006 Nov;118(5):2051-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17079578?tool=bestpractice.com[60]Ostfeld BM, Esposito L, Perl H, et al. Concurrent risks in sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatrics. 2010 Mar;125(3):447-53.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20156907?tool=bestpractice.com[61]Kemp JS, Unger B, Wilkins D, et al. Unsafe sleep practices and an analysis of bedsharing among infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly: results of a four-year, population-based, death-scene investigation study of sudden infant death syndrome and related deaths. Pediatrics. 2000 Sep;106(3):E41.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/106/3/e41.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10969125?tool=bestpractice.com[62]Drago DA, Dannenberg AL. Infant mechanical suffocation deaths in the United States, 1980-1997. Pediatrics. 1999 May;103(5):e59.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/103/5/e59.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10224203?tool=bestpractice.com
与和不吸烟父母同床的婴儿相比,那些与吸烟的单亲或双亲同床的婴儿的 SIDS 风险明显更高(比值比 [OR] 为 2.3-17.7)。[48]Fleming PJ, Blair PS, Bacon C, et al. Environment of infants during sleep and risk of the sudden infant death syndrome: results of 1993-5 case-control study for confidential inquiry into stillbirths and deaths in infancy. BMJ. 1996 Jul 27;313(7051):191-5.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2351639/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8696193?tool=bestpractice.com[63]Tappin D, Ecob R, Stat S, et al. Bedsharing, roomsharing, and sudden infant death syndrome in Scotland; a case-control study. J Pediatr. 2005 Jul;147(1):32-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16027691?tool=bestpractice.com[64]Scragg RK, Mitchell EA, Taylor BJ, et al; New Zealand Cot Death Study Group. Bed sharing, smoking, and alcohol in the sudden infant death syndrome. BMJ. 1993 Nov 20;307(6915):1312-8.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1679405/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8257885?tool=bestpractice.com[65]Blair PS, Fleming PJ, Smith IJ, et al; CESDI SUDI research group. Babies sleeping with parents: case-control study of factors influencing the risk of the sudden infant death syndrome. BMJ. 1999 Dec 4;319(7223):1457-61.http://www.bmj.com/content/319/7223/1457.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10582925?tool=bestpractice.com[66]Arnestad M, Andersen M, Vege A, et al. Changes in the epidemiological pattern of sudden infant death syndrome in southeast Norway, 1984-1998: implications for future prevention and research. Arch Dis Child. 2001 Aug;85(2):108-15.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1718879/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11466184?tool=bestpractice.com[67]Vennemann MM, Hense HW, Bajanowski T, et al. Bed sharing and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome: can we resolve the debate? J Pediatr. 2012 Jan;160(1):44-8.http://www.jpeds.com/article/S0022-3476%2811%2900680-9/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868032?tool=bestpractice.com 在放有柔软床上用品(例如枕头和毛毯)的床面上同床睡会增加 SIDS 的风险(比值比为 2.8~4.1),[68]Hauck FR, Herman SM, Donovan M, et al. Sleep environment and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome in an urban population: the Chicago Infant Mortality Study. Pediatrics. 2003 May;111(5 Pt 2):1207-14.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12728140?tool=bestpractice.com[69]Fu LY, Moon RY, Hauck FR. Bed sharing among black infants and sudden infant death syndrome: interactions with other known risk factors. Acad Pediatr. 2010 Nov-Dec;10(6):376-82.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21075317?tool=bestpractice.com 而与饮酒的成人同床睡眠也会增加风险(比值比为 1.66),[70]Blair PS, Sidebotham P, Evason-Coombe C, et al. Hazardous cosleeping environments and risk factors amenable to change: case-control study of SIDS in south west England. BMJ. 2009 Oct 13;339:b3666.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2762037/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19826174?tool=bestpractice.com[71]Carpenter RG, Irgens LM, Blair PS, et al. Sudden unexplained infant death in 20 regions in Europe: case control study. Lancet. 2004 Jan 17;363(9404):185-91.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14738790?tool=bestpractice.com 与父母之外的人同床睡眠也会导致风险增加(比值比为 5.4)。[68]Hauck FR, Herman SM, Donovan M, et al. Sleep environment and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome in an urban population: the Chicago Infant Mortality Study. Pediatrics. 2003 May;111(5 Pt 2):1207-14.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12728140?tool=bestpractice.com
即便父母并非吸烟者,与更小年龄的婴儿同床睡眠(<11 周)也会增加 SIDS 风险(比值比为 4.7-10.0)。[63]Tappin D, Ecob R, Stat S, et al. Bedsharing, roomsharing, and sudden infant death syndrome in Scotland; a case-control study. J Pediatr. 2005 Jul;147(1):32-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16027691?tool=bestpractice.com[65]Blair PS, Fleming PJ, Smith IJ, et al; CESDI SUDI research group. Babies sleeping with parents: case-control study of factors influencing the risk of the sudden infant death syndrome. BMJ. 1999 Dec 4;319(7223):1457-61.http://www.bmj.com/content/319/7223/1457.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10582925?tool=bestpractice.com[67]Vennemann MM, Hense HW, Bajanowski T, et al. Bed sharing and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome: can we resolve the debate? J Pediatr. 2012 Jan;160(1):44-8.http://www.jpeds.com/article/S0022-3476%2811%2900680-9/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868032?tool=bestpractice.com[71]Carpenter RG, Irgens LM, Blair PS, et al. Sudden unexplained infant death in 20 regions in Europe: case control study. Lancet. 2004 Jan 17;363(9404):185-91.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14738790?tool=bestpractice.com[72]McGarvey C, McDonnell M, Chong A, et al. Factors relating to the infant's last sleep environment in sudden infant death syndrome in the Republic of Ireland. Arch Dis Child. 2003 Dec;88(12):1058-64.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1719406/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14670769?tool=bestpractice.com[73]McGarvey C, McDonnell M, Hamilton K, et al. An 8 year study of risk factors for SIDS: bed-sharing vs. non bed-sharing. Arch Dis Child. 2006 Apr;91(4):318-23.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2065975/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16243855?tool=bestpractice.com
与在婴儿床睡觉相比,与婴儿一起睡在极度柔软的床面(例如睡椅、沙发、扶手椅或水床)会增加 SIDS 风险(比值比为 5.1-66.9)。[48]Fleming PJ, Blair PS, Bacon C, et al. Environment of infants during sleep and risk of the sudden infant death syndrome: results of 1993-5 case-control study for confidential inquiry into stillbirths and deaths in infancy. BMJ. 1996 Jul 27;313(7051):191-5.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2351639/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8696193?tool=bestpractice.com[63]Tappin D, Ecob R, Stat S, et al. Bedsharing, roomsharing, and sudden infant death syndrome in Scotland; a case-control study. J Pediatr. 2005 Jul;147(1):32-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16027691?tool=bestpractice.com[65]Blair PS, Fleming PJ, Smith IJ, et al; CESDI SUDI research group. Babies sleeping with parents: case-control study of factors influencing the risk of the sudden infant death syndrome. BMJ. 1999 Dec 4;319(7223):1457-61.http://www.bmj.com/content/319/7223/1457.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10582925?tool=bestpractice.com[68]Hauck FR, Herman SM, Donovan M, et al. Sleep environment and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome in an urban population: the Chicago Infant Mortality Study. Pediatrics. 2003 May;111(5 Pt 2):1207-14.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12728140?tool=bestpractice.com[72]McGarvey C, McDonnell M, Chong A, et al. Factors relating to the infant's last sleep environment in sudden infant death syndrome in the Republic of Ireland. Arch Dis Child. 2003 Dec;88(12):1058-64.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1719406/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14670769?tool=bestpractice.com
相比于白人母亲,非洲裔美国人母亲更有可能和婴儿同床。[74]Willinger M, Ko CW, Hoffman HJ, et al. Trends in infant bed sharing in the United States, 1993-2000: the National Infant Sleep Position study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 Jan;157(1):43-9.http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/481230http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12517193?tool=bestpractice.com[75]Lahr MB, Rosenberg KD, Lapidus JA. Maternal-infant bedsharing: risk factors for bedsharing in a population-based survey of new mothers and implications for SIDS risk reduction. Matern Child Health J. 2007 May;11(3):277-86.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17195100?tool=bestpractice.com[76]Fu LY, Colson ER, Corwin MJ, et al. Infant sleep location: associated maternal and infant characteristics with sudden infant death syndrome prevention recommendations. J Pediatr. 2008 Oct;153(4):503-8.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3903790/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18582898?tool=bestpractice.com
年轻的母亲以及社会经济地位较低的母亲更有可能和婴儿同床。[59]Ostfeld BM, Perl H, Esposito L, et al. Sleep environment, positional, lifestyle, and demographic characteristics associated with bed sharing in sudden infant death syndrome cases: a population-based study. Pediatrics. 2006 Nov;118(5):2051-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17079578?tool=bestpractice.com[74]Willinger M, Ko CW, Hoffman HJ, et al. Trends in infant bed sharing in the United States, 1993-2000: the National Infant Sleep Position study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 Jan;157(1):43-9.http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/481230http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12517193?tool=bestpractice.com
与婴儿同屋但不同床睡(例如让婴儿睡在靠近父母睡床的婴儿床或摇篮中)能降低 SIDS、窒息、勒颈和卡压的风险,比同床睡更安全[47]Mitchell EA, Thach BT, Thompson JM, et al. Changing infants' sleep position increases risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999 Nov;153(11):1136-41.http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/348052http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10555714?tool=bestpractice.com[63]Tappin D, Ecob R, Stat S, et al. Bedsharing, roomsharing, and sudden infant death syndrome in Scotland; a case-control study. J Pediatr. 2005 Jul;147(1):32-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16027691?tool=bestpractice.com[65]Blair PS, Fleming PJ, Smith IJ, et al; CESDI SUDI research group. Babies sleeping with parents: case-control study of factors influencing the risk of the sudden infant death syndrome. BMJ. 1999 Dec 4;319(7223):1457-61.http://www.bmj.com/content/319/7223/1457.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10582925?tool=bestpractice.com[71]Carpenter RG, Irgens LM, Blair PS, et al. Sudden unexplained infant death in 20 regions in Europe: case control study. Lancet. 2004 Jan 17;363(9404):185-91.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14738790?tool=bestpractice.com 也比让婴儿单独睡(即让婴儿单独在另一个房间睡)更为安全。[65]Blair PS, Fleming PJ, Smith IJ, et al; CESDI SUDI research group. Babies sleeping with parents: case-control study of factors influencing the risk of the sudden infant death syndrome. BMJ. 1999 Dec 4;319(7223):1457-61.http://www.bmj.com/content/319/7223/1457.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10582925?tool=bestpractice.com