臭虫侵染曾经在全世界流行,但在工业国家从 20 世纪 30 年代开始下降,原因是二氯二苯二氯乙烷 (DDT) 等杀虫剂的使用。[3]Reinhardt K, Siva-Jothy MT. Biology of the bedbugs (Cimicidae). Ann Rev Entomol. 2007;52:351-374.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16968204?tool=bestpractice.com然而,从 80 年代开始,普通臭虫在工业国家卷土重来,在美国、英国和澳大利亚的报道率特别高。[2]Goddard J, deShazo R. Bedbugs (Cimex lectularius) and clinical consequences of their bites. JAMA. 2009;301:1358-1366.http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=183643http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19336711?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Kolb A, Needham GR, Neyman KM, et al. Bedbugs. Dermatol Ther. 2009;22:347-352.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19580578?tool=bestpractice.com在热带地区,应对臭虫侵染一直是一个挑战。[5]Thomas I, Kihiczak GG, Schwartz RA, et al. Bedbug bites: a review. Int J Dermatol. 2004;43:430-433.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15186224?tool=bestpractice.com臭虫的再次猖獗归因于使用毒性减小且持久性更短的杀虫剂[10]Moore DJ, Miller DM. Laboratory evaluations of insecticide product efficacy for control of Cimex lentularius. J Econ Entomol. 2006;99:2080-2086.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17195676?tool=bestpractice.com和旅行的增加。[3]Reinhardt K, Siva-Jothy MT. Biology of the bedbugs (Cimicidae). Ann Rev Entomol. 2007;52:351-374.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16968204?tool=bestpractice.com二手家具使用的不断增加[1]Steen CJ, Carbonaro PA, Schwartz RA. Arthropods in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50:819-842.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15153881?tool=bestpractice.com和特定环境中居民的高流动率,如庇护所和宾馆,可能也是其中原因。[3]Reinhardt K, Siva-Jothy MT. Biology of the bedbugs (Cimicidae). Ann Rev Entomol. 2007;52:351-374.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16968204?tool=bestpractice.com